1. GoldSim Technology Group LLC, 2006 Slide 1 Water Balance Modeling Techniques

2. GoldSim Technology Group LLC, 2006 Slide 2 Overview Reservoir basics –Overflow_Rate, Withdrawal_Rate, changing upper bound –Using Extrema elements to track high and low extremes –Using Status elements to track the status of a Reservoir (and control actions such as pumping) Using Time Series elements for precipitation and other histories Using Material Delay elements to simulate seepage and flow Using Convolution elements to simulate a runoff using a unit hydrograph Generating stochastic precipitation, evaporation and flow histories Using Allocators and Splitters Using the Reliability Module to simulate equipment failure Share your own techniques

3. GoldSim Technology Group LLC, 2006 Slide 3 Reservoir Basics Overflow Rate Using the Withdrawal Rate output Varying the Upper Bound (to simulate silting up) Using an Extrema to track peaks/valleys Using a Status element to track status of a Reservoir and control actions (such as pumping)

4. GoldSim Technology Group LLC, 2006 Slide 4 Using Time Series Elements in Water Balance Models Useful for inputting precipitation, evaporation and other time series Important to: –Differentiate between rates and values –Differentiate between instantaneous flows and averages flows Can import data from spreadsheets

5. GoldSim Technology Group LLC, 2006 Slide 5 Using Material Delay Elements to Simulate Seepage and Flow Delay Time is mean velocity of flow Dispersion can simulate spreading –Both can be specified as a function of hydrogeologic properties –Both may change with time (e.g., is material at field capacity?)

6. GoldSim Technology Group LLC, 2006 Slide 6 Using Convolution Elements to Simulate a Runoff Using a Unit Hydrograph A Convolution element converts an input signal to an output signal via a transfer function –You provide an input signal (e.g., rainfall rate) and a transfer function (the unit hydrograph) –The convolution integral applies the transfer function and computes an output (e.g., runoff) A Delay is a specialized instance of a convolution integral

7. GoldSim Technology Group LLC, 2006 Slide 7 Generating Stochastic Precipitation, Evaporation and Flow Histories Option1: Build your own Markov (or other) model manually Option2: Using autocorrelated Stochastics Option3: Use the History Generator element

8. GoldSim Technology Group LLC, 2006 Slide 8 Splitters and Allocators Should be very powerful elements for water balance models Splitters split (distribute) flows Allocators route flows based on specified demands and priorities

9. GoldSim Technology Group LLC, 2006 Slide 9 Using the Reliability Module to Simulate Pumps and Other Equipment Simulate pump failure, as well as pumps turning on and off

10. GoldSim Technology Group LLC, 2006 Slide 10 Do you have any favorite techniques that you would like to share?