1. Gilded Age

2. SSUSH11 The student will describe the economic, social, and geographic impact of the growth of big business and technological innovations after Reconstruction. a. Explain the impact of the railroads on other industries, such as steel, and on the organization of big business. b. Describe the impact of the railroads in the development of the West; include the transcontinental railroad, and the use of Chinese labor. c. Identify John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company and the rise of trusts and monopolies d. Describe the inventions of Thomas Edison; include the electric light bulb, motion pictures, and the phonograph, and their impact on American life

3. Essential Question: What was the impact of Big Business on the American Economy following Reconstruction?

4. KQ1: How did government promote the growth of railroads? KQ2: What was the purpose and impact of the Transcontinental Railroad? KQ3: How did Andrew Carnegie monopolize the steel industry? KQ4: How did John D. Rockefeller monopolize the oil industry? KQ5: What were 3 major innovations of Thomas Edison? KQ6: How did the RR impact Indians? KQ7: What was the importance of the Battle of Wounded Knee?

5. Standard 11 Topics  Impact of Railroads  Immigrant Labor  Development of the West  Monopolies  John D. Rockefeller  Electricity Standard 11:

6. Gilded Age  Time period between 1870 and early 1900s  More modern American developing  Move Westward  Industrialization and Railroads  Growth of Cities  Big Business  New Immigration  Labor Unions and Strikes

7. Men Who Built America  Episode 1 Transcontinental RR 36:10 14:30 9:00

8. Think Pair Share  What are the main modes of transportation in America today??  How are goods transported across the country?

9. Railroads  In the 1800s, America built on the railway  1862-Lincoln approves Pacific Railway Act  Transcontinental Railroad to connect produce of the west to the financial markets of the east Along the 32 nd Parallel (cities develop) Union Pacific vs. Central Pacific (get paid per mile=race) Built by Chinese labor The government provided land grants to railroad companies to construct the Transcontinental Railroad ○ Sell land to pay for construction costs

10. California Gold Rush (1848) A. No Canal No Railroad Long, Dangerous, and Expensive Eastern Markets Gold

11. Map

12. Transcontinental Railroad

13. Transcontinental Railroad 1869 Central Pacific (Chinese Labor)Union Pacific (Irish Labor)

14. Transcontinental Railroad  Union Pacific- from Omaha, Nebraska moved faster over the Great Plains moved faster over the Great Plains fought Indian resistance fought Indian resistance used Irish and German immigrant labor used Irish and German immigrant labor  Central Pacific- from Sacramento, California moved slower through the mountain ranges=dangerous moved slower through the mountain ranges=dangerous Shortage of workers in California ○ European immigrants not reliable (chasing gold) ○ Increase in Chinese immigrant Labor (10,000 workers or more)  Conditions for RR workers: Faced blizzards, heat, Natives Camp life was rough, dirty, and dangerous with lots of gambling, drinking and fighting.

17. Transcontinental RR  Completed May 10, 1869: Connected at Promontory Point, Utah with a Golden Spike

18. Transcont. RR Video  All part 1, thru chinese labor in part 2  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOn 0RFFOr1s

19. Railroads make the nation bigger…or smaller Central Pacific Railroad Union Pacific Railroad

20. Impact  The World Grew Smaller One day later, the first transcontinental freight train rumbled out of California on its way to the east coast. It carried in its hold an emissary of the Asian markets: a shipment of Japanese teas. On May 15, though the road required hundreds of thousands of dollars in patchwork along its length, regular passenger service opened for business. Travelers could make the trip between San Francisco and New York in a week. No longer did passengers or cargo have to take the treacherous route across ocean and Panama that had killed railroad advocate Theodore Judah. The coasts were connected -- and the world as Americans knew it had grown smaller.Theodore Judah

21. Why do railroads create more industry? Supplies = lumber, steel, and coal Transport People, Goods, Supplies = Bigger and More Markets

22. Impacts of the Transcontinental RR o Surging Trade and Travel o People could ship goods and people across the country faster and more efficiently. o Farmers out west could grow crops in exchange for the east’s manufactured goods o Western cattle ranchers shipped their cattle to eastern butchers o Cattle drive and cowboys o People could travel across the nation in a matter of days

23. Cowboys http://www.history.com/videos/western- diamondbacks-the-other-white- meat#western-diamondbacks-the-other- white-meat http://www.history.com/videos/western- diamondbacks-the-other-white- meat#cattle-drive-americas-dinner-sent- north

24. Cattle Drive  Beginning in the 1860s cowboys drove cattle from farms in places such as Texas to cities on the Great Plains. From there the cattle were loaded into railroad cars and taken to slaughterhouses in urban centers such as Chicago. By the late 1870s railroads connected more of the country, and cattle drives were no longer necessary.

25. Increase in Train Safety  Time Zones est. 1883 for safety & scheduling of travel  Train signals  Westinghouse- Airbrake system for R.R. – safer travel

27. Unexpected Benefit  American Railway Association divided the country into four time zones

28. Three ways railroad companies made money 1. Shipping (transporting) goods 2. Transporting people (mostly east to west) 3. Selling land from the land grants

29. Review Items-Ball Game

30. Who else do Railroads Affect?

31. Effects of the Railroad on Native population  As the miles of railroad track increased, especially across the Plains  The population of Native Americans decreases

32. Impact of RR on Indians  Americans moving in to the Midwest (Great Plains) for many reasons: Homestead Act-160 acres of free land RR Travel Better opportunities: ○ problems w/ industrial life in the cities ○ Racism/Discrimination in the South ○ Women who wanted husbands ○ Criminals fleeing from the law ○ mining for gold/silver

33. Impact on Natives  Settling on Plains Indians land Plains Indians-Sioux, Lakota, Crow, Cheyenne, Apache, Arapaho, and others Followed the buffalo-Food, clothing, tools, shelter  Settlers devastated the population of buffalo through overhunting.  The frustrations led to violent confrontations between the Native Americans and settlers.  Treaty of Fort Laramie —w/Sioux Nation Indians given land in the Black Hills of South Dakota-No Europeans on land GOLD Found!!!!=treaty violated and more war (Sioux War)

34. Sioux War of 1876-1877  Began when gold miners rushed to Black Hills of S.D. in 1875 stampede.  Warriors led by Sitting Bull took the warpath after treaties violated.  Led by George A. Custer, federal forces pursued Sioux  Battle of Little Big Horn (Custer’s Last Stand) Custer’s forces clashed with 2,500 well armed warriors in eastern Montana led by Crazy Horse ○ Custer and his 264 men completely wiped out; about 150 Indians dead U.S. reinforcements eventually drove Sitting Bull to Canada where he received political asylum; hunger forced them to return and surrender by 1876.

35. The Ghost Dance of Wokova Dance Move Demonstrated: “Drop It Low”

36. Battle of Wounded Knee (1890)  Native Americans practiced a religious ritual called the Ghost Dance. Ghost Dance goals 1. Bring back the buffalo 2. Return Native American tribes to their land 3. Banish the white man from the face of the earth.  Army sent to end sacred "Ghost Dance" that had spread to the Dakota Sioux.  300 Sioux men, women, & children massacred in S.D.; 60 U.S. soldiers killed

37. Impact of Wounded Knee  It was the last armed conflict between the US troops and Native Americans.

38. Video  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dc7f ZonjD1M https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dc7f ZonjD1M  http://www.ghostdance.com/video/video- edison1894.html http://www.ghostdance.com/video/video- edison1894.html 9 min  Massacre or a battle? Discussion

39. Review Questions-Partner 1: What was the purpose of the Transcontinental Railroad? 2: What were some of the impacts of the TCRR on trade and transportation? 3: How did the RR impact Indians? 4: What was the importance of the Battle of Wounded Knee?

40. Project-Unit Project  Design a map of the Transcontinental Railroad. Start on the West Coast and extend to the East Coast. Be sure to label 5 major cities along the new web of RR.  Writing: Explain the impact of the Chinese on the RR and the impact on trade/travel  Create a comic strip of the impact of the RR on the Native Americans Include: Sioux War Custer’s Last Stand Ghost Dance End w/ the Battle of Wounded Knee Option 1: Option 2:

41. Industrial Rev  Late 1800s- U.S. was the World’s leading industrial Nation Industrialization Review: ○ Urban game ○ Working conditions Causes: New tech., capital, natural resources, immigration, Free Enterprise- No gov’t involvement- “laissez faire”

42. Impact of RR on Industry and Business  Rise of Big Business:  Creation of a National Economy dominated by a small number of corporations  Railroad-largest business in the US at this time (Vanderbilt)  Railroads relied on huge quantities of raw materials and capital (money) to build and operate the driving force behind the rise of “Big Business”- Oil and Steel the driving force behind the rise of “Big Business”- Oil and Steel

44. In Monopoly the game, what is the end goal? What is a monopoly?

47. Rise of Big Business-Reasons Why  Availability of work force  National markets created by transportation  Lower-cost production  Inventions  Advertising  Financial resources  Access to raw materials and energy

48. Key Terms  Monopoly  Trust  Shareholder  Captain of Industry

49. Rise of Big Business A. Captains of Industry: Robber Barons- Excessively wealthy entrepreneurs who utilized crooked dealings to gain profits. 1. Andrew Carnegie- steel industry 2. John D. Rockefeller- Standard Oil 3. Cornelius Vanderbilt – Railroads 4. J.P. Morgan- Banking B. Would buy up stock and combine competing corporations in to one to control the market

50. Captains of Industry or… John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Cornelius Vanderbilt Railroads Andrew Carnegie US Steel JP Morgan Banking Robber Barons

51. Monopolies  A monopoly occurs when one company gains control of an entire market No competition Effects?

52. Trusts  Standard Oil formed the first trust  A trust allows a person to manage another person’s property or stock  business arrangement under which a number of companies unite into one system Controlled by a board

53. Rockefeller-Oil  John D. Rockefeller-started Standard Oil in Cleveland Oil being used in trains, factories, lamps (kerosene) Oil refining business ○ Buy competing refiners, improve the efficiency of his operations, press for discounts on oil shipments, undercut his competition, make secret deals, and buy rivals out ○ In less than four months in 1872, Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors-Trust ○ Eventually owned 90% of all oil refining in the country Vertical integration – “pay no one a profit” ○ the process of owning all elements of production, from the materials to the finished product. ○ Trust leads to a monopoly through Vertical Integration ○ Own barrel making factory, bought forests for the wood for the barrels, built own pipeline so he didn’t have to pay for RR transport Became richest man in history/first billionaire

55. Picture Analysis  1. What company does the octopus represent?  2. What objects is the octopus grabbing and controlling?  3. According to the artist is the octopus a monopoly? Why/why not?  4. Do you think the artist likes monopolies? Why/why not?

56. Carnegie-Steel  Andrew Carnegie Opened a steel company called U.S. Steel Monopoly Used Bessemer Process ○ Convert Iron to steel cheaply Railroads needed steel for their rails and cars Navy needed it for ships Used to build skyscrapers Used to make bridges Used in factories for machinery

58. Horizontal vs. Vertical Integration 1.Vertical Integration- own all different businesses involved in manufacturing 1.Horizontal Integration- own all competing companies

60. Monopoly role play

61. Review Questions 5: Andrew Carnegie monopolizes what industry? 6: John D. Rockefeller monopolizes what industry? 7. What is a monopoly? 8. What is a trust?

62. Wizard of Menlo Park Thomas Alva Edison  Inventor  Over 1,000 patents  Important inventions Light Bulb Motion Picture Phonograph  Established the world’s first research laboratory in New Jersey-Menlo Park

63.  Light Bulb Longer hours Work night shift Turned night in to day  Phonograph Cheap music Entertainment  Motion Picture New entertainment Social Status

64. Thomas Edison  The impacts of the light bulb 1. Can work longer hours 2. Do more activities at night in homes or else where 3. Helped businesses to continue to become profitable  Impact on electricity His ideas used to transmit electricity over long distances ○ Give light to buildings, streets, neighborhoods ○ Power source in factories Electric power to N.Y. City-1882 Companies merged to form GE (General Electric)  Technology: What does it do???????

65. Edison

70. Review Questions  9 and 10: Name and describe 2 important inventions of Edison.  Turn in all review questions in schoology-should have 10

71. Vocab Review  Word wall

72. Kahoot

73. Unit Project  Make a wanted poster of a Robber Baron. Be sure to include who, what, why, when, where, how  Be sure to also include: How they developed a monolopy/trust  Design a newspaper advertisement on an important invention of the time by Thomas Edison. Option 3:Option 4: