1. Evidences for Evolution

2. Today’s Roles Assign each group member to a following role:
Task Manager
Makes sure that students remain on task and are completing the work required
Materials Manager
Gathers needed materials from the front of the room when required
Tech Manager
Works the computer

3. Objectives- Record in the objectives section.
Identify four evidences for evolution.
Provide examples of how each type of evidence supports change over time (evolution).

4. Tech Manager - Read the following to your group:
Background
When Charles Darwin first proposed the idea that all new species descend from an ancestor, he performed an exhaustive amount of research to provide as much evidence as possible. Today, the major pieces of evidence for this theory can be broken down into the fossil record, embryology, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology.

5. Station Specifics:
For each of the following evidences for evolution, complete the tasks given on each slide.
Write the answers to the guiding questions in complete sentences.

6. Evidence I - Fossils: Study this table and proceed to the next slide.

7. Fossils: Guiding Questions – Answer on your handout.
1. Give two similarities between each of the skulls that might lead to the conclusion that these are all related species.
2. What is the biggest change in skull anatomy that occurred from the dawn horse to the modern horse?
3. What is the biggest change in leg anatomy that occurred from the dawn horse to the modern horse?

8. Evidence II - Embryology.
Organisms that are closely related may also have physical similarities before they are even born! Take a look at the six different
embryos below:
Source:
Hypothesize which embryo is from each of the following organisms:
Record your answers on chart A provided on your template.
Species
Embryo
Human
Chicken
Rabbit
Tortoise
Salamander
Fish

9. Embryology:
These are older, more developed embryos from the same organisms.
Hypothesize which embryo is from each of the following organisms: Record your answers on chart B provided
On your template.
Species
Embryo
Human
Chicken
Rabbit
Tortoise
Salamander
Fish

10. Embryology:

11. Embryology: Guiding Questions- Answer on your handout.
1. Look again at the six embryos in their earliest stages. Describe the patterns you see. What physical similarities exist between each of the embryos?
2. Does this suggest an evolutionary relationship? Explain how these embryos can be used as evidence of a common ancestor between each of these six organisms.

13. Evidence III- Comparative Anatomy
Compare the skeletal structure of each limb to the human arm. Relate the differences you see in form to the differences in function.
Animal
Comparison to Human Arm in Form
Comparison to Human Arm in Function
Whale
Whale has a much shorter and thicker humerus, radius, and ulna. Much longer metacarpals. Thumb has been shortened to a stub.
The whale fin needs to be longer to help in movement through water. Thumbs are not necessary as the fins are not used for grasping.
Cat
Bat
Bird
Crocodile

14. Comparative Anatomy: Guiding Questions- Answer on your handout.

15. Comparative Anatomy: Guiding Questions- Answer on your handout.

16. Comparative Embryology: Vocabulary- Write the definitions on your handout.
SUMMARY: You have now studied three different types of anatomical structures:
 Homologous structures show individual variations on a common anatomical theme. These are seen in organisms that are closely related.
 1. Give an example of a homologous structure from this activity: ______________________
 Analogous structures have very different anatomies but similar functions. These are seen in organisms that are not necessarily closely related, but live in similar environments and have similar adaptations.
 2. Give an example of an analogous structure from this activity: ______________________
 Vestigial structures are anatomical remnants that were important in the organism’s ancestors, but are no longer used in the same way.
 3. Give an example of a vestigial structure from this activity: _______________________

17. Answers to Vocabulary Work
Front limbs of animals
Bird and butterfly wing
Eyes of a cavefish

18. Comparative Anatomy
Below are some vestigial structures found in humans.
For each, hypothesize what its function may have been and
Record the answers on your handout.
Structure
Possible function?
Wisdom teeth
Appendix
Muscles for moving the ear
Body hair
Little toe
Tailbone
How are vestigial structures evidence for evolution?

19. Evidence IV – Molecular Biology
Send your materials manager to the front of the room to get highlighters for anyone in your group who may need one.

21. RESULTS TABLE: 58 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 100 101 102 103 104 Human I G E58 60 61 62 63 64 65 66
100
101
102
103
104
Human I G E D T L M K A N
Chicken S
Horse
Tuna V R -
Frog C
Shark Q
Turtle
Monkey
Rabbit
RESULTS TABLE:
Animal
Number of Amino Acid Differences Compared to Human Cytochrome C
Horse
Shark
Chicken
Turtle
Tuna
Monkey
Frog
Rabbit

22. Molecular Biology: Guiding Questions
1. Based on the Cytochrome C data, which organism is most closely related to humans?
2. Do any of the organisms have the same number of differences from human Cytochrome C? In situations like this, how would you decide which is more closely related to humans?

23. Watch the following video on Charles Darwin’s work.

24. Summary Questions- Work Independently
1. Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species in Of the different types of evidence that you have examined, which do you think he relied upon the most, and why?
2. Given the amount of research and evidence available on evolution, why is it classified as a theory?

25. You Try – Match the following examples with the type of evidence for evolution. You may use an evidence more than once. Check your work on the following slide.
Amino acid sequences are 98% similar in a protein from a chimpanzee and human
The number of base pairs in human and chimpanzee DNA is remarkably similar
The appendix of humans is not fully functional, but the appendix of a rabbit is
The shells of certain ocean invertebrates has become more circular and intricate over time
The embryos of chicken, humans, and pigs all have a tail and gill slits in the throat region
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY MOLECULAR EVIDENCE
FOSSIL EVIDENCE EMBRYOLOGY

26. You Try – Answers
A- Molecular B-Molecular C- Comparative Anatomy D- Fossils E- Embryology

27. Fossil evidence Embryology Comparative Anatomy Molecular Evidence
Quick Review: Each person at your table should explain how each evidence shows a CHANGE IN ORGANISMS OVER TIME!
Fossil evidence
Embryology
Comparative Anatomy
Molecular Evidence

28. Practice your explanations from the last slide.
Be ready to explain how each evidence presented today shows a change over time. Call your instructor over. Your instructor will call on a random group member and you will all receive credit for the member’s response.

29. Goin’ To The Next Level
Now, let’s take what you’ve learned and try your skills at a game.
Materials manager should go to the front of the room and get a folder with questions.

30. Let’s compete…
Obtain the stack of multiple choice questions. Some are on what you’ve learned today, some are on what you’ve learned earlier in this unit, and some are a review of genetics.
Going in a rotation type pattern, each person will choose a card from the stack. Hand the card to another group member, and they will read the card aloud to you.
Answer the question. The person reading will turn the card over for the correct answer.
If you are correct, you will Spin the Big Wheel in the game that follows.
Which member will get the most points??

31. The Big Wheel
Play

32. The Big Wheel Team Scores Spin Wheel Points Team One Team Two
Team Three
Team Four
Team Five
Team Six
Team Seven
Team Eight
Spin Wheel
Points

33. Worksheet Homework: Types of Rxns & Word Problems -------
QUIZ THURS on Balancing Equations
Tutoring Available on Wed Afternoon