1. Mitosis and Cancer Chapter 5, Section 2 In your textbook  http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/anim_mitosis.html http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/anim_mitosis.html

3. Prophase  Nuclear envelope disintegrates  Chromosomes condense  Centrioles – paired structures that produce spindle fibers – begin moving toward opposite poles (sides) of the cell Video clip Video clip – 3:47

4. Metaphase  Chromosomes line up along the equator (midline) of the cell  Spindle fibers extend from centrioles and attach to chromosomes at the centromere Video clip Video clip – 0:28

5. Anaphase  Spindle fibers separate chromosomes at the centromere and pull sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell Video clip Video clip – 0:38

6. Telophase  Nuclear envelopes form around each set of genetic material  Spindle fibers disappear  Cytoplasm may begin to pinch in near the center of the cell (the mechanism for this is different in plants than animals) Video clip Video clip – 1:13

7. Cytokinesis  the division of the cytoplasm – almost always follows telophase.  differences in cytokinesis between plant and animal cells because of the cell wall in plants (animal cells only have a cell membrane).

8.  Occurs when cells begin to divide uncontrollably Cancer

10. Cancer (cont’d)  In normal tissue, there is a balance between new cell growth and old cell death.  In cancer cells, that balance is disrupted – so a growing mass of tissue develops  This mass of tissue is called a tumor.  Benign = non-cancerous  Malignant = cancerous  Video clip – 3:10 Video clip Video clip

12. Cancer (cont’d)  Malignant (cancerous) tumors are dangerous because they can:  invade the organs  interfere with the functions of these organs.

13. Types of Cancer  Carcinomas = most common types; arise from the cells that cover external and internal body surfaces. Ex: Lung, breast, colon  Sarcomas = arise from cells found in the supporting tissues of the body. Ex: bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, and muscle.

14. Types of Cancer, cont’d  Lymphomas = cancers that arise in the lymph nodes and tissues of the body's immune system.  Leukemias = cancers of the immature blood cells that grow in the bone marrow.