1. URL: http://www.toyota-ti.ac.jp/Lab/Kikai/5k60/ 12-1, Hisakata 2-chome, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8511 JAPAN (C)2001 Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute In-process Measurement of Wear of Grinding Wheel by Using Hydrodynamic Pressure Background and problem Monitoring of grinding wheel wear for precision grinding Disturbance of light by working fluid Solution Gap sensing by using hydrodynamic pressure with pressure sensor arranged with small gap Advantages Simple sensing device In-process measurement of radius and topography of grinding wheel Dependence of only geometry of grinding wheel Results Relationship among pressure, gap and speed Enable to run-out by arranging several sensors Standard deviation of 1  m in measured radii Enable to detect loading, shedding and dulling Applicable field Plunge grinding Creep-feed grinding High precision grinding such as ELID Grinding expensive material Small-amount products Principle of measurement by using hydrodynamic pressure Experimental apparatus Examples of outputs of sensors Trajectory of pressure to gap Average pressure vs. gap Influence of grain size Dispersion of measured pressure Detection of loading of grinding wheel

2. URL: http://www.toyota-ti.ac.jp/Lab/Kikai/5k60/ 12-1, Hisakata 2-chome, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8511 JAPAN (C)2001 Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute Three-dimensional Form Generation by Dot-matrix Electrical Discharge Machining Background and problem Needs for rapid production system for metals Difficulty in production of tool electrode to machine small shape Solution Shaping profile of bundled electrodes by controlling their length and scanning them as one electrode Advantages Enable to skip making process of electrode Mechanical strength of electrode Enable to compensate electrodes for heavy wear by feeding them Use of thin wire for electrodes Results Machining 3D shape with 6 thin electrodes Less cracks by divided power because of discharge dispersion Applicable fields Micromachining Micromold fabrication Rapid prototyping for metals Concept of dot-matrix electrical discharge machining System configuration Equi-potential powerDivided power Types of power supply for dot-matrix EDM Machining sequence Positioning sequence of electrodes Example of machining Improvement of waviness Equii-potential power Divided power Discharge dispersion Designed shape Result of machining Appearance of machining unit Quill of electrical discharge machine

3. URL: http://www.toyota-ti.ac.jp/Lab/Kikai/5k60/ 12-1, Hisakata 2-chome, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8511 JAPAN (C)2001 Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute Precision Positioning Table Employing Parallel Mechanism for Scanning Probe Microscope Background and Problem Cutting machine for nanometer depth of cut unavoidable tilt of tube type piezoelectric actuator in general scanning probe microscope (SPM) Solution Stewart platform type parallel mechanism controlled by induced charge feedback method Advantages 6 degrees of freedom High resolution in z because of small elevation angle Flexible tool path Enable to use in vacuum because of no slipping element Results Smaller tilt (1/10 to tube type) High positioning accuracy (16 nm in z) Linearity within 20×20  m by semi-closed loop control Applicable fields Ductile mode cutting of brittle materials Micromachininig Fine motion stage for SPM Appearance of device Sectional view Setup for atomic force microscope AFM image of diffraction gratings Force curve on Silicon Specifications Size: 160  160  85 mm Mass of table: 24 g Movable range: 100  m in xy, 20  m in z Resonance frequency: 100 Hz in xy, 75 Hz in z Degrees of freedom: 6 Actuators: Piezoelectric actuators Magnification: 12.5 Block diagram of control system Cross-talk ratio