1. VERSITy FEB 20114 UNI BT SOIL - 3 GAS – WATER EQUILIBRIUM Air Water absorptiondesorption X(g) X(aq)

2. GAS – WATER EQUILIBRIUM PM FEB 2014 2 | 2010 Polarity & distribution coefficients Gas (air) Water (dissolved) KHKH KdKd Particles (sorbet)

3. GAS – WATER EQUILIBRIUM PM FEB 2014 3 | 2010 POLAR Hydrophilic High water solubility NON POLAR Hydrofobic (lipophilic) Low water solubility Contact angle Grease & oil Charged subst (ions) Soap / detergent

4. GAS – WATER EQUILIBRIUM PM FEB 2014 LOTUS EFFECT 4 | 2010

5. GAS – WATER EQUILIBRIUM PM FEB 2014 5 PHASE DISTRIBUTION K oc and K ow relationship, From Curtis et al. K d = C x,s /C x,aq K d = K OC ·f OC (K OC = K d /f OC ) K OW = C x,oct /C x,aq

6. GAS – WATER EQUILIBRIUM PM FEB 2014 ”ABDULS FORMULA” Calculation of K d based on K OW and f oc : Log(K d ) = 1.04·log(K OW )+log(f oc ) – 0.84 Valid for log(K OW ) 1 % Ref: Miljøstyrelsen (2002) Guidelines on Remediation of Contaminated Sites. (p248) 6

7. GAS – WATER EQUILIBRIUM PM FEB 2014 A BALLOON WITH ATMOSPHERIC AIR CONTAIN 20 PPM (VOL) CO 2. THE AIR IS HEATED AND EXPANDS. AS CONSEQUENCE OF THE EXPANSION THE CO 2 CONCENTRATION IN THE BALLOON: 1. Increases 2. Is unchanged 3. Decreases 4. I don't know... 7 CONCENTRATION

8. GAS – WATER EQUILIBRIUM PM FEB 2014 THE BALLOON AGAIN: WHAT HAPPENS AS CONCEQUENCE OF THE EXPANSION WITH THE CO 2 CONCENTRATIN IN MG/L ? 1. It increases 2. It is unchanged 3. it decreases 4. I don't know 8

9. GAS – WATER EQUILIBRIUM PM FEB 2014 9 SubstancesProblemSources Heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd…) Toxic & chronic effects Bio accumulation (strong sorption - K d ) Industry Non-point deposition: smoke, sludge and fertilizer Mineral oil products (BTX, MTBE, PAH...) Health. Taste + smell (indoor climate, water + skin contact) Gasoline stations + tanks for oil heating Chlorinated solvents (PCE, TCE..) Cancer, toxicity. Bioaccumulation (indoor climate + water) Dry cleaning Metal processing Graphic industry Pb Cr PCE BTX PAH The Usual Suspects…