1. Smell and Taste

2. Anatomy of the olfactory receptors
Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory receptors are localized on the roof of the nasal cavity. Covered by mucus. Bipolar neurons with cilia
Supporting cells
Basal cells – stem cells
Olfactory glands
Responsible for mucus production

3. Anatomy of the olfactory receptors
Olfactory nerves
Penetrates the ethmoid bone
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tracts
Cerebral cortex – uncus
Olfactory adaptation
Partial adaptation: 3-5 seconds
Complete adaptation: 1-5 minutes

4. Olfactory organs

5. Anatomy of Taste Buds

6. Taste receptors – gustatory cells
Clustered in taste buds
Associated with lingual papillae
Types of lingual papillae
Filiform- The more numerous one. No taste buds
Fungiform – mushroom-like. Contain taste buds
Circumvallate- on a V formation on the back of the tongue. Contain taste buds

7. Taste buds Basal cells Supporting cells Gustatory hair Taste pores
Stem cells
Supporting cells
Insulate the gustatory cells
Gustatory hair
Seems to be the sensitive portion of the taste cells
They are microvilli
Taste pores
Opening for the gustatory hair

8. Gustatory reception

9. Gustatory pathways Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves
Facial – anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Glossopharyngeal- posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Vagus –taste buds on the pharynx
Synapse within the solitary nucleus of the medulla oblongata
Thalamus
Trigeminal – will carry all the other information such as texture, and temperature

10. Taste buds distribution
Sweet receptors
Sugar and some aminoacids
Salt
Metallic ions
Sour
Acid solutions
Bitter
alkaloids
Umami
Cheese, meat taste

11. Gustatory discrimination
Combine effects of smell, texture and temperature on taste