1. Founding Fathers Of Microscopy UNIT 4: chapter 1

2. Would you like a slice of cell? Prokaryotic Cell Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Organelles Eukaryotic Cell

3. BIOLOGY AND HISTORY THE HISTORY OF A CELL

4. So, who discovered a cell anyway? The observations and conclusions of many scientists helped to develop the current understanding of a cell. What is Cytology? cyto- -ology-

5. So, who discovered living cells anyway? 1.Anton Leeuwenhoek 2.Theodor Schwann 3.Matthais Scheiden 4.Rudolf Virchow 5.Robert Hooke

6. Anton Leeuwenhoek, 1674 Van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch fabric merchant but considered himself an amateur scientist. He looked at many different things through his microscope (teeth scapings, rainwater, blood) and observed living cells which he called "animalcules". He wrote many papers that were widely accepted by the scientific community which was unusual for a non-scholar. Discovered that living things live in pond water.

7. Theodor Schwann German physiologist who founded modern histology by defining the cell as the basic unit of animal structure.

8. Robert, 1665 Hooke was an English scientist who looked at cork through a compound microscope and observed tiny room-like structures that reminded him of the "cells" that monks lived in. Therefore these structures became known as cells. The cork cells where not alive so he only saw the cell wall.

9. Matthais Scheiden Discovered that all plants are made up of cells.

10. Rudolf Virchow Discovered that new cells are created from old cells.

11. What is a Theory?? Theory is a well tested explanation that comes from a broad range of observations. (ex. BIG BANG, EVOLUTION, RELATIVITY,ETC.)

12. Uno, Dos, Tres!! 3 CELL THEORIES: 1.All living things are made up of cells. 2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. 3.New cells come from pre-existing cells.

13. 2 cell types… Prokaryotes- cells that DO NOT have a nucleus. –Bacteria cells Eukaryotes - cells that DO have a nucleus. –Animal cells –Plant cells VS.

14. ACTIVITY: Venn diagram Similarity? 1. Definition: Eukaryotes 1. Definition: Prokaryote

15. DID YOU WASH YOUR HANDS; I THINK I SEE BACTERIA!!! EWW CAN WE HONESTLY SEE BACTERIA WITH THE NAKED EYE? JUST AN EYE, NO. WITH A MICROSCOPE, YES!!!!

16. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION ORGANISM (HUMAN,etc.) ORGAN SYSTEM ORGAN TISSUE CELL MOLECULE ATOM SIMPLE COMPLEX A CELL IS MADE UP OF MANY MOLECULES.

17. Notes: Science depends on experimental and observational confirmation and is subject to change as new evidence becomes available. The development and refinement of magnifying lenses and light microscopes made the observation and description of microscopic organisms and living cells possible. The development of cell theory was accelerated by the ability to make observations on a microscopic level.

18. Types of Microscopes: 1.Compound Light Microscope 2.Electron Microscope 3.Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 4.Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

19. Compound Microscope The light microscope, so called because it employs visible light to detect small objects, is probably the most well-known and well-used research tool in biology.

20. Electron Microscope An electron microscope is a type of microscope that uses electrons as a way to illuminate and create an image of a specimen. It has much higher magnification and resolving power than a light microscope, with magnifications up to about two million times, compared to about two thousand that can be achieved with visible light.microscopeelectronsmagnification resolving power light microscope

21. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) TEM is an imaging technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen, then an image is formed, magnified and directed to appear either on a fluorescent screen or layer of photographic film.electronsfluorescentphotographic film

22. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope capable of producing high-resolution images of a sample surface. electron microscope

23. Magnification Chart OCULAR LENSES(EYE PIECE) OBJECTIVE (KNOBS NEAR STAGE) TOTAL MAGNIFICATION 10 X40X= 400X 10 X = 100 X WHICH MAGNIFICATION ENLARGES A SPECIMEN? ZOOMS OUT?

24. “All science begins with astonishment, but the human behind the instrument is much more important than the instrument itself.” --Plato