1. EUROnu WP5 Detector Costing EuroNu Annual General Meeting, Strasbourg 3 June 2010 Paul Soler

2. 2 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Introduction o The aim of this talk is to introduce a Work Breakdown Structure and then the fractional cost for each item o The aim is not to give absolute costs but (to the best of our current knowledge) derive some relative costs to define cost drivers for the detectors. o Most of the time I will stay at the 1 st or 2 nd level of the WBS o The WBS is based on previous experience: MINOS, NOVA and MEMPHYS o In some cases I scaled up from previous experience, in other cases I looked up commercial value of components and multiplied by number of expected items or size of work. o I will cover: 100 kton MIND, 24 kton TASD, 600 kton Water Cherenkov (fiducial 440 kton) and Near Netector.

3. 3 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND) o Baseline for Neutrino Factory: iron (3 cm) + scintillators (2cm) beam 15 m B=1 T 90 m100KT o Main cost drivers: Steel Scintillator Wavelength Shifting fibres Photon detectors Infrastructure (if need to dig cavern)

4. 4 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND) o However, more realistic shape for toroidal field: iron (3 cm) + scintillators (2cm) beam 15 m B>1 T 120 m107KT o In MINOS: factor of 2 iron wastage o Can reduce wastage to nearly zero through simple shapes Is this feasible structurally? o However, machining cost is also factor 2 (in MINOS this was paid through iron wastage) o Assume factor x2 additional cost of iron from MINOS to MIND 15 m

5. 5 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND) Bob Wands, FNAL: 0.6T-2.2T with 92 kA-turn Add toroidal field: Idea by A. Bross (FNAL) With Superconducting Transmission Line (STL) could achieve 100 kA-turn with one turn! – only needs 10 cm hole $500/m 100 kA-turn

6. 6 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND) o Extruded scintillator: earlier costs were roughly –50% materials, 50% processing o Current materials cost for a large detector (20 kT): –~ $3 / kg for polystyrene, dopants, reflective coating o A total of $6 / kg seems possible o Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) now widely available commercially o T2K uses them in most sub-detectors o Coming down in cost: assume ~ €10/channel and ~ €5/channel electronics SiPM (MPPC) from Hamamatsu

7. 7 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 MIND WBS NumItem Cost MIND (k$)% 3Electronics and DAQ7.9 3.1Front ends4.8 3.2 Hubs and interface crate1.8 3.3 Central system and trigger farm0.3 3.4Data acquisition0.6 3.5Database0.5 3.6Auxiliary systems0.2 3.7 Electronics management0.1 4Installation21.6 4.1Infrastructure18.6 4.2 Materials receiving and handling0.8 4.3Detector assembly2.1 4.4Alignment and survey0.1 5Project management0.8 5.1Salary support0.7 5.2Travel support0.1 Total100 NumItemCost (k$)% 1 Magnets: steel and coils36.8 1.1Steel plane fabrication31.1 1.2Steel handling fixtures1.9 1.3Support structures0.7 1.4Magnet coil0.1 1.5 Detector plane prototypes2.5 1.6Steel management0.6 2 Scintillator detector fabrication32.9 2.1Scintillator strips7.2 2.2Fibre5.6 2.3Scintillator modules7.2 2.4Photodetectors7.2 2.5 Multiplex boxes and connectors3.2 2.6Calibration systems1.1 2.7 Assay and test equipment0.3 2.8Factories0.6 2.9Scintillator management0.5

8. 8 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Totally Active Scintillating Detectors (TASD) 15 m 150 m o Totally Active Scintillating Detector is useful to lower threshold o Magnetisation volume with Superconducting Transmission Line 35.4 KT o With these dimensions: 3 cm 1.5 cm 15 m

9. 9 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 TASD WBS NumItemCost (k€)% 1 Magnets: electronic cavern10.3 1.1Magnet STL cable10.34 2 Scintillator detector fabrication62.1 2.1Scintillator strips24.4 2.2Fibre12.9 2.4Photodetectors17.2 2.5 Multiplex boxes and connectors2.3 2.6Detector plane prototypes1.8 2.7Calibration systems0.8 2.8Assay and test equipment0.2 2.9Factories0.5 2.1Scintillator management1.9 3Electronics and DAQ11.0 3.1Front ends8.6 3.2Hubs and interface crates1.3 3.3 Central system and trigger farm0.3 3.4Data acquisition0.2 3.5Database0.4 3.6Auxiliary systems0.2 3.7Electronics management0.0 4Installation16.0 4.1Infrastructure13.8 4.2 Materials receiving and handling0.6 4.3Detector assembly1.5 4.4Alignment and survey0.1 5Project management0.6 5.1Salary support0.5 5.2Travel support0.1 Total100.0

10. 10 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Water Cherenkov o Water Cherenkov (ie. MEMPHYS at Frejus) is the baseline detector for a Super-Beam or Beta Beam facility in the context of EUROnu. Fréjus CERN 130km Memphys ~440 kton o Initially there are only three caverns 65 m diam., 60 m height. o Main cost drivers: Excavation Photon detectors 65m 60m Water Cerenkov modules at Fréjus

11. 11 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 NumItemCost (k$)% 1 Photomultiplier tubes48.5 1.1 Photomultiplier tubes45.1 1.2PMT Housing1.1 1.3PMT support0.4 1.4Cables1.1 1.5Calibration systems0.4 1.6 Assay and test equipment0.4 2 Electronics and DAQ1.4 2.1Front ends0.1 2.1High Voltage0.1 2.1Online computing0.3 2.4Data acquisition0.2 2.5Database0.4 2.6Auxiliary systems0.2 2.7 Electronics management0.1 Water Cherenkov 3Civil Engineering49.4 3.1Cavern excavation49.0 3.2Water and services0.4 4Assembly2.0 3.3Detector assembly1.8 3.4 Alignment and survey0.1 5 Project management0.7 5.1Salary support0.6 5.2Travel support0.1 Total100.0

12. 12 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Near Detector o No near detector design yet, but …. o Near detector needs to have a leptonic TASD like detector with high granularity, a vertex detector for charm measurement and a MIND-like detector for flux extrapolation and muon momentum measurement o Assume these dimensions for costing beam 3 m B=1 T ~20 mMini-TASD 95 t Mini-MIND 460 t VertexDetector

13. 13 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Near Detector NumItemCost (k€)% 1Mini-MIND11.1 1.1 Steel plane fabrication MIND2.3 1.2Scintillator MIND1.0 1.3Fibre MIND0.7 1.4SIPM MIND4.7 1.5Electronics MIND2.4 1.6Coil Mind0.1 2Mini-TASD41.4 2.1Scintillator TASD2.6 2.2Fibre TASD3.5 2.3SiPM TASD23.5 2.4Electronics TASD11.8 2.6Coil4.7 3Silicon vertex31.4 3.1Silicon26.2 3.2Silicon electronics5.2 4Computing14005.5 4.1 Central system and trigger farm3.9 4.2Data acquisition0.8 4.3Database0.8 4Installation11.4 4.1Infrastructure7.8 4.2 Materials receiving and handling1.6 4.3Detector assembly1.6 4.4Alignment and survey0.4 5Project management4.7 5.1Salary support3.9 5.2Travel support0.8 Total100.0

14. 14 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Conclusions o An attempt has been made to guess costs and cost drivers for detectors. o So far, very big uncertainties and many things not included. o Rough breakdown of activities per detector are as follows:  100 kton MIND: Steel (39%), scintillator+fibre (20%), photon detectors (10%), electronics (8%), cavern (22%)  24 kton TASD: scintillator+fibre (41%), photon detectors (17%), electronics (11%), magnetic cavern (10%), cavern+installation (16%)  600 kton Water Cherenkov: photomultipliers (48%), cavern (50%)  Near detector (550 t): Mini-MIND (11%), Mini-TASD (41%), Si vertex (31%)