1. Drift Time Spectrometer for Heaviest Elements Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMarch 2006Mustapha Laatiaoui

2. Drift Time Spectrometer for Heaviest Elements Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMarch 2006Mustapha Laatiaoui Motivation Atom physics : Relativistic Effects Valence Electron Configuration Element Identification Experiments Drift time measurements on actinides Atoms and Molecules Concept for an Online-Spectrometer Prospects Overview:

3. 5f 6d 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 11 Na 12 Mg 3 Li 4 Be 1 H 13 Al 5 B 7 N 14 Si 6 C 15 P 16 S 8 0 9 F 17 Cl 16 Ar 10 Ne 2 He 110111112 Ds 114 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu 68 Er 113115116 Pu 94 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr 100 Fm 5f 6d 5f 6d 5f Lanthanides (4f) Actinides (5f) 6d 2 3 4 7s 2 6d 5 6d … 6 117118 Periodic Table of Elements 1

4. Relativistic Contraction For hydrogene-like mercury (Hg) with Z=80: a.u. V. Burke et al., Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 90, 297 (1967) 

5. Relativistic Contraction r max : Principal Maximum of the Wave Function of the Outermost Orbital J.P. Desclaux, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 12, 311 (1973) P. Pyykkö, Phys. Scr. 20, 647 (1979)

6. { For Uranium (Z=92) E [eV] Shift of Electronic Energy Levels

7. J.P. Desclaux At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 12, 311 (1973) Valence Electron Configuration & Element Identification r max : Principal Maximum of the Wave Function of the Outermost Orbit o o Fr Cs Rb K Na Li o 5f 3d4d4f

8. Mc Daniel et al. 1970 Ion Mobility Spectrometry P.R. Kemper and M.T. Bowers J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 3231 (1990) T [10 -4 s] Co + : 3d 8, 3 F m Co + : 3d 7 4s 1, 3 F 1.01.41.8 Intensity arb. units

9. Ionic Radii from Drift Time.. d r Ar r ion In Rigid Sphere Model : e: Charge N: Number Density of Buffer Gas Atoms  : Reduced Mass k B : Boltzmann Constant T eff : Effective Temperature : Collision Cross Section  : Higher Order Corrections Relative Measurements : K: Ion Mobility E: Electric Field Strength s: Ion path t drift : drift time

10. Experimental Setup 0 5 10 cm Optical Fiber LPM QMS Buffer Gas Cell Buffer Gas Cell QPIG Channeltron 1x10 -2 mbar 5x10 -7 mbar 2x10 -4 mbar 4x10 -6 mbar TMP 700 l/s TMP 330 l/s TMP 230 l/s TMP 360 l/s Laser Beam 255 Fm Filament

11. + + 70 V 220 V 200 V 20 V Laser Beams 188 V 040 z [mm] Computer Simulation SIMION 7 A ° The used Buffer Gas Cell For absolute Measurements!

12. Measurements PHD Thesis, Achim Dretzke, Mainz

13. Measurements T Fm D = 0.89(1) ms + T Cf D = 0.91(1) ms + T UO D = 1.09(1) ms + Ab Initio Theorie : J.P. Desclaux

14. Target Wheel Quadrupole Triplet Condenser Plates for Electric Field Dipole Magnets Beam Dump Quadrupole Triplet Buffer Gas Cell 254 No Beam Objectives: No (Z=102) to Db (Z=105) Z=102: 208 Pb ( 48 Ca,2n) 254 No (t 1/2 =55 s) 5 Ions/s Z=103: 209 Bi ( 48 Ca,2n) 255 Lr (t 1/2 =21.5 s) SHIP @ GSI

15. Electric Field ( 50 V/cm) 254 No Ion Beam + Drift Time Cell (100 mbar Ar Buffer Gas) Ion Guide Dynode Foils - 1.5 kV e-e- HI + Channeltron + 1.5 kV QMS  _Detector Wheel Fixed  _Detectors Development of an On Line Spectrometer Counts T D [ms] 40 39 QMS : 40 u QMS : 254 u 30 cm Direct Measurement of T b D  T a,b D = T a D - T b D Trigger +

16.       Es 243 21 s Es 246 7,7 m Es 245 1,3 m Es 244 37 s Es 247 4,7 m Es 248 28 m Es 249 1,70 h Es 250 2,22 h | 8,6 h Es 251 33 h Es 252 471,7 d Es 253 20,4 d Es 254 39,3 h | 275,7 d Es 255 39,8 d Es 256 7,6 h | 22 m Fm 247 9,2 s | 35 s Fm 246 1,1 s Fm 245 4,2 s Fm 248 36 s Fm 251 5,3 h Fm 252 25,4 h Fm 253 3,0 d Fm 254 3,24 h Fm 255 20,1 h Fm 256 2,63 h Fm 244 3,0 ms Fm 243 0,18 s Fm 242 0,8 ms Fm 249 2,6 m Fm 250 1,8 s | 39 m Fm 257 100,5 d Fm 258 0,38 ms Fm 259 1,5 s Fm Es Md 247 2,9 s Md 252 2,3 m Md 254 10m | 28 m Md 249 24 s Md 248 7 s Md 250 52 s Md 251 4,0 m Md 256 1,3 h Md 258 43 m | 56 d Md 257 5,0 h 101 102 No 250 0,25 ms No 257 26 s No 252 2,39 s No 251 0,8 s No 253 1,7 m No 258 1,2 ms No 259 58 m No 255 3,1 m No 256 3,1 s 103 Lr 254 16 s Lr 253 1,5 s| 0,6 s Lr 255 21,5 s Lr 260 3 m Lr 256 25,9 s Lr 258 4,35 s 104 Rf 262 47 ms| 1,2 s Rf 255 1,4 s Rf 254 22  s Rf 253 48  s Rf 256 6,7 ms Rf 257 4,7 s Rf 259 3,1 s Rf 261 65 s 105 Db 260 1,5 s Db 257 1,3 s Db 256 2,6 s Db 258 4,4 s Db 262 34 s 106 Sg 263 0,3 s| 0,9 s Sg 259 0,48 s Sg 258 2,9 ms Sg 265 7,1 s Sg 266 34 s Sg 261 0,23 s Sg 260 3,6 ms 107 Bh 262 8,0 ms| 102 ms Bh 261 11,8 ms Bh 264 440 ms 108 Hs 269 9,3 s Hs 265 0,8 ms| 1,7 ms Hs 267 33 ms Hs 264 0,45 ms 109 Mt 268 70 ms Mt 266 3,4 ms 110 Ds 271 1,1 ms| 56 ms Ds 273 0,076 |118 ms| ms Ds 269 0,17 ms Rg 274 9,26 ms Rg 272 1,5 ms Rg 112 277 1,5 ms 112 113 278 0,34 ms 113       114 289 2,6 s 114 288 0,8 s 114 287 0,51 s 115 116 292 18 ms 116 290 15 ms 118 294 1,8 ms 118 116 291 6,3 ms 115 288 125 ms Rg 280 5,2 s       Bh 272 14,14 s   Bh 266 1 s?   Mt 270 7,16 ms   Rf 260 21 ms 111 115 287 32 ms 113 283 0,10 s         Rg 279 0,17 s Mt 276 1,03 s Mt 275 9,7 ms Db 267 73 m     Rf 267 2,3 h       Ds 279 0,18 s   112 283 4,0 s   112 284 97 ms 112 285 29 s 112 282 0,50 ms       Sg 271 29,14 s Hs 275 11,8 ms     113 284 0,69 s 6d Actinides Breeding in High Flux Nuclear Reactors Heavy Ion Induced Nuclear Fusion Reactions 7p 114 286 0,16 s   Hs 277 16,5 m Ds 281 11,1 s Db 268 23,1 h Prospects:   114 290 21 s   112 286 11 m   Ds 282 1,1 m   Hs 278 11 m 162 Hs 270 2,4 s Db 259 0,5 s Rf 263 15 m Lr 252 0,4 s Lr 261 39 m Lr 262 3,6 h No 260 106 ms No 262 5 ms Md 259 95 m Md 260 31,8 d       Hs 266 2,3 ms Ds 270 0,1 ms| 6,0 ms Sg 262 6,9 ms   Rf 258 12 ms   No 254 0,28 s| 55 s   Lr 257 0,66 s   Db 261 1,8 s   Bh 265 940 ms         Bh 267 17 s   Db 263 27 s   Lr 259 5,4 s   Md 255 27 m Rf 268

17. H. Backe A. Dretzke P. Kunz W. Lauth Institut für Kernphysik Universität Mainz Germany S. Fritzsche Fachbereich Physik Universität Kassel Germany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Maier-Leibnitz-Labor Germany D. Habs, V. Kolhinen, M. Laatiaoui, J. Neumayr, M.Sewtz, P. Thirolf SHIPTRAP-Collaboration TASCA-Collaboration @GSI