1. Restructuriation and financing of public transport system in Gdynia Dariusz Tłoczyński, Ph. D., Marcin Wolek, Ph. D., Department of Transportation Market University of Gdansk REC seminar, Gdansk 7.05.2008

2. Gdynia – main characteristics 251 thousand of inhabitants; Forming ca. 1 mio inahbitants metropoly together with Gdansk, Sopot and few other cities and communities; Strong transport & logistics sector; One of the most competitive cities in Poland; Young (founded in 1926) and dynamic.

3. Municipal budget of Gdynia 2007 Revenues ca. 300 mio EUR; EU money ca. 47 mio EUR Expenditures ca. 280 mio EUR; Investments ca. 90 mio EUR. Main area of Gdynia expenditures in 2007

4. Public transport sector in Gdynia Rapid Urban Railway (S-bahn) as a part of metropolitan mode of transport; Trolleybus system since 1943, one of three cities in Poland; Bus system; Midibus system on less strained lines.

5. Different situation in the cities of new EU members: Underinvested transport infrastructure (roads), Car as a luxury good, Destroyed public space, Underinvested all aspects of city functioning, Permanent lack of fundings, Continuation of structural reforms, Adjustment to EU directives;

6. 1992 Gdynia Public Transport Authority was formed in Gdynia. It took over organization of public transport system of five neighbouring communes. 1994-1998 Dividing the Municipal Transportation Company in Gdynia in two companies: Two municipal transportation companies in Gdynia, that operate buses; Trolleybus Transport Company in Gdynia, that operates trolleybuses. 2003 The Municipal Transport Fleet Repair Company was privatized at the beginning of the year 2003. The restructuring process of the urban transport system in Gdynia

7. The restructuring process of urban transport system in Gdynia 2007 Appointing Metropolitalny Związek Komunikacyjny Zatoki Gdańskiej (Metropolitan Transport Association of Gdańsk Bay) – the organizator of public transport that will organize public transport in the whole Gdańsk agglomeration. Permanent, „soft” tool of restructurization and market optimalization are marketing research. They are conducted since the beginning of 90-ies.

8. Low cost Comfortable Clean Punctual Safe Unsafe Unpunctual Dirty Uncomfortable Slow High cost Bus trolleybus Urban railway Fast Source: Travelling habits and preferences of Gdynia citizens in 2004. ZKM (Public Transport Authority) of Gdynia. Gdynia, January 2005. SEMANTIC PROFILE OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SUBSYSTEMS

9. The organization of urban transport in Gdynia and neighbouring communes Gdynia municipal transport system is regulated by the local authorities. The regulatory body is the Public Transport Executive – ZKM Gdynia. ZKM Gdynia organizes urban transport in 7 cities and communities. ZKM Gdynia engages 10 operators, of which 3 municipal companies Still unrealized stage of the restructuring process of the urban transport system in Gdynia is the privatization of the communal operators companies with biggest market share (cumulated ca.80% together with trolleybuses)

10. Present situation of urban transport market in Gdynia Market with an opened supply side; Tender as a tool regulating access to the market; Board of Transport Authority employs 9 operators of different ownership, Municipal companies still have high market share - up to 76% [in vehiclekm], The privatisation process of communal companies is desirable to strengthen competition on the local market;

11. Transport policy goals in Gdynia development of an integrated public transport system in the conurbation, including SKM, in particular introduction of a uniform fare and ticketing system; car access restriction in city centre, uniform parking rules; development of alternatives to car use, especially where environmental capacity or accessibility are limited; development of bicycle subsystem – to make it more relevant for urban transport.

12. Basic transport policy instruments in the City Council resolution of Gdynia implementation of public transport optimising projects, including dedicated bus/trolleybus lanes in areas of heavy traffic of public transport vehicles (at least 50 an hour in one direction); up-to-date traffic management, including a control system prioritising public transport and restricting car access in selected areas; parking policy in the city centre, fostering better use of existing parking space through adequate pricing and information on availability; introduction of pedestrian zones, a cycle lane system and parking areas in the centre, as indicated in land use plans.

13. Citizen attitudes to some transport policy instruments in Gdynia (2006) RestrictionFor [ % ]Against [ % ] No opinion [ % ] No parking in some areas 57.6025.2517.15 Access restrictions43.7035.7020.60 Pedestrian zones67.7017.8014.50 Parking charges25.0056.2018.80

14. Elimination of development barriers in urban transport Financial barrier – active support of infrastructure development in urban transport through the central budget and using European funds; Political and social barrier – educational programs - European program YOUTH (Youngsters Overhauls today’s Urban Transport Habits) has been realized; Formal and legal barrier – passing a bill about public transport, that organize and adapt national regulations to European Union law (a specially in a frame of organization, management and public assistance).

15. Financing of urban transport Financing exploitation activity (current activity) ticket’s sale; Subsidy from municipal budget; PPP – Public-Private Partnership (ex. surcharge of Aqua Park in Sopot to functioning trolleybus line). Financing investment activity own funds of transport companies; credits and leasing; budgetary funds of cities and communities; European Union programs (ie. trolleybus system modernization with 50% EU subsidy).

16. Modern depot for 90 vehicles, Development of of new trolley line, Tender for 10 new trolleybuses; TOTAL VALUE: 10 MIO EUR, 50% gained from EU; „Development of ecological mode of trolleybus transport system in Gdynia” (2004/2005), realisation phase: 2005-2007

17. Cooperation with government Cooperation with regional government  in 2007 Metropolitalny Związek Komunikacyjny Zatoki Gdańskiej was formed (cooperation with the Marshal of Pomorskie voivodeship);  Water Tram to Hel Peninsula was initiated (cooperation with the Marshal of Pomorskie voivodeship). Cooperation with governmet  carrying out works connected with passing a bill about public transport

18. Resume Swedish model of regulated competition has proved to be very effective form of public transport market organization in Gdynia; It needs to be supported with tools of transport policy (separated bus lanes, parking fees, etc…); Growing pressure from individual cars creates demand for higher quality of services – cost increase! Final stage of restructurization public transport system would be privatization of comunnal bus companies with biggest market share.

19. Thank you for attention!!!