1. 4G / LTE NETWORK OVERVIEW Based on LTE crash course, Oct 2015
Cisco Live 2014
4/26/2017
4G / LTE NETWORK OVERVIEW Based on LTE crash course, Oct 2015

2. 4G/LTE LTE Core Network LTE E-UTRAN + RF Standard Practice in lab
Cisco Live 2014
4/26/2017
4G/LTE
Mobile Network evolution
1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G/LTE
LTE Core Network
LTE E-UTRAN + RF
Standard
Practice in lab

3. Cisco Live 2014
4/26/2017 3

4. 4/26/2017
Missing: Where does voice call go?

5. eNodeB vendors
Big vendors: Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Lucent-Alcatel, Nokia.
Picocell: NSN, airspan, public wireless,
Femtocell network extender: samsung
Module: common agility

7. LTE network end to end in lab
ethernet
QVPC: MME + SGW + PGW
eNodeB
LTE
ethernet
UCS
ethernet
IR829 (UE)
wifi
WEB Server

8. Cisco Live 2014
4/26/2017
Scott Baxter

10. BACKUP SLIDES

11. Mobile Network Evolution

12. PSTN Cisco Live 2014 Circuit Switch, hierarchical topology
4/26/2017
PSTN
Circuit Switch, hierarchical topology
SS7 Network: STP, SCP, SSP
Main market players: Lucent, Nortel, Ericsson, Alcatel, Simens.

13. PLMN Cisco Live 2014 Circuit Switch SS7 Network: MSC, HLR, VLR
4/26/2017
PLMN
Circuit Switch
SS7 Network: MSC, HLR, VLR
BTS, BSC
Main market players: Lucent, Nortel, Ericsson, Alcatel, Motorola, Huawei

14. Mobile Network Evolution
Cisco Live 2014
4/26/2017
Mobile Network Evolution
1G: Analog radio for voice communication.
2G: Started years ago with GSM, TDMA, CDMA: mainly voice
2.5G: Adding Packet Services: GPRS, EDGE
3G: Adding Air interface UMTS/WCDMA
3G Architecture: Support of 2G/2.5G and 3G access
3G extensions: HSDPA/HSUPA, IP Multimedia Subsystems
4G and beyond: Long Term Evolution (LTE), System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Evolved Packet Core (EPC) + Evolved Packet System (EPS)

15. 4/26/2017
Cisco Live 2014

16. Cisco Live 2014
4/26/2017
(2G)
TDMA

17. Cisco Live 2014
4/26/2017
(2G)
CDMA
Air interface is CDMA, core-network is IS-136
Overall structure is same as GSM

18. GSM network with GPRS (2.5G)
Cisco Live 2014
4/26/2017
GSM network with GPRS (2.5G)

19. CDMA 2000 Network Architecture (2.5G)
Cisco Live 2014
4/26/2017
CDMA 2000 Network Architecture (2.5G)

20. UMTS/WCDMA network Architecture (3G)
4/26/2017
UMTS/WCDMA network Architecture (3G)

21. LTE Network Architecture (4G)

22. 4/26/2017
Missing: Where does voice call go?

23. LTE Core Network

24. LTE Core Network: EPC

29. LTE EPC protocols:

30. Protocol stacks around MME S1, S3, S6a, S11

31. Protocol stack around SGW: S1-U, S4, S5/8, S12

32. Protocol stack around PGW: S5/8. S6b, SGI, Gn/Gp

40. Cisco ASR5X000 (through Starent acquisition)

41. LTE E-UTRAN + RF

46. eNodeB vendors
Big vendors: Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Lucent-Alcatel, Nokia.
Picocell: NSN, airspan, public wireless,
Femtocell network extender: samsung
Module: common agility

47. LTE Air Interface: Radio Spectrum
Most Cellular signals are in the 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz frequency bands.

49. IPhone 6: supported frequency (www.apple.com)
Apple’s iPhone 6 (Models A1549 and A1586) and iPhone 6 Plus (Models A1522 and A1524) both support four-band GSM,
five-band CDMA2000, five-band UMTS (with HSPA+42 support), and sixteen LTE FDD bands (with support for up to 150Mbps
of download speeds). The quad-band GSM and pent-band UMTS provide complete global coverage for GSM and UMTS/HSPA+
networks all over the world. The five CDMA2000 bands enable coverage on all CDMA carriers in the US (who use ESMR,
Cellular 850MHz, AWS GHz, and PCS 1.9GHz for CDMA), as well as KDDI in Japan (who use Cellular 850MHz and
IMT 2.1GHz for CDMA) and China Telecom in China (who use Cellular 850MHz for CDMA). These bands are the same as the
American Sprint model for the iPhone 5S and 5C.  For LTE FDD, the iPhones support a full mix of bands for every region. LTE bands 1 (IMT 2.1GHz), 3 (DCS 1.8GHz),
5 (Cellular 850MHz), 7 (IMT-E 2.6GHz FDD), 8 (Cellular 900MHz), 20 (EU 800MHz), and 28 (APT 700MHz) are supported to
provide the full range of access to LTE FDD networks throughout Europe, Asia, and Brazil.
LTE bands 2 (PCS A-F blocks 1.9GHz), 4 (AWS GHz), 5 (Cellular 850MHz), 7 (IMT-E 2.6GHz FDD),
13 (US Upper 700MHz C block), 17 (US Lower 700MHz B+C blocks), 25 (PCS A-G blocks 1.9GHz),
26 (ESMR+Cellular 850MHz), 28 (APT 700MHz), and 29 (US Lower 700MHz Supplemental Downlink)
offer nearly full access to LTE FDD networks throughout the Americas. Japanese LTE bands 18 (ESMR+Cellular 850MHz subset)
and 19 (Cellular 850MHz subset) are intended to enable KDDI and NTT DoCoMo’s low-band networks,
while band 28 sits in the wings for future 700MHz LTE network rollouts by KDDI, DoCoMo, and SoftBank.

50. LG Optimus: (http://www.gsmarena.com/lg_optimus_g_e975-4941.php)

53. LTE subcarrier

54. LTE Modulation

55. One Resource Block max throughtput: 6*2*7*12 = 1.008mbps
64QAM: 6 bits; One Slot time: 0.5 ms; One slot: 7 OFDM Symbols

56. 4/26/2017
MIMO: different signals on the same frequency, signal is modulated with different phase and amplitude. The receiver side gets reference phase and amplitude signal from sender to de-modulate the received signal.

57. LTE Standard: 3GPP

59. What is 5G?
Core network: EPC has been all IP, and should be not much big change infrastructure side. Maybe more applications as time moves on.
Air Interface: higher speed.
Modulation:
64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM
MIMO
More wide bandwidth

60. LTE Play in lab

61. Quantum virtualized Packet Core (QvPC)
QvPC family:
QvPC-SI: Single Instance (formally SSI)
QvPC-DI: Distributed Instance (formally SCALE)
QvPC-HI: Hybrid Instance (formally Hybrid)
Environment:
CPU
X86 hardware
Hypervisors (qualified)
Vmware ESXi
Ubuntu KVM
Hardware (qualified)
UCS B, C & E series
Pass-through support (17.0 FCS): VIC 1240 (B series) & 1225 (C series) + HP
6161

62. Virtualized Software Architecture: SWdecoupled from HW
Single operating system
StarOS
Field proven software & decoupled from hardware
Modular and virtualized OS
ASR 5000
ASR 5500
Virtualized
Packet Core
Hardware
Platforms
Performance &
Scalability
Natural extension to Virtualization
ASR5K
PSC2
ASR5K
PSC3
Virtualized
QvPC-SI
QvPC-DI
ASR5500
DPC
ASR5500
DPC2
Software functions work across multimedia core platforms.
Cellular: MME, SGW, PGW, SGSN, GGSN, PDSN, HA, PCEF
SmallCell: eWAG, ePDG, SaMOG, HNBGW, HeNBGW, ANDSF
Inline Services: ECS, FW, NAT, Application Detection, ….
Many functions run on a single platform (purpose build or virtualized)
Cisco ASR Series Multimedia Core Platforms
6262

63. LTE network end to end in lab
ethernet
QVPC: MME + SGW + PGW
eNodeB
LTE
ethernet
UCS
ethernet
IR829 (UE)
wifi
WEB Server

64. MME+SGW+PGW running with KVM in ubuntu 14.04