1. LIVE IN THE MOMENT!
“The secret of health for both mind and body is not to mourn for the past, not to worry about the future, or not to anticipate troubles, but to live in the present moment wisely and earnestly.”
-Buddha

2. Chapter 4 Common Diseases of Companion Animals
Ophthalmic Diseases
Chapter 4
Common Diseases of Companion Animals

3. Ophthalmic Diseases

4. Conjunctivitis
CONJUNCTIVA: pink tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the front portion of the eyeball except for the cornea
Causes
Allergy (________________)
Anatomic (ectropion, entropion)
Bacterial infection (predisposed by):
Injury
↓Tear production
Foreign body
Respiratory disease (bacteria, virus)
Causes (in cats it is usually infectious)
Feline herpes virus (most common cause of __________________________)
Calicivirus
Chlamydia psittaci bacteria
Mycoplasma

5. Red, congested/swollen, painful

6. Conjunctivitis Signs Diagnosis Redness
_________________ (swelling of conjunctiva)
Ocular discharge (tears, mucus)
Diagnosis
Determine 1º disease, if any
Rule out FB
Rule out ‘dry eye’ in recurrent cases
Schirmer tear test
1 min- tears show as blue dye

7. SCHIRMER TEAR TEST
Cats: ____________________

8. Conjunctivitis Rx Client info Topical antibiotic ointment
neomycin/bacitracin/polymyxin B(BNP or________________)
Gentamicin ophthalmic ointment
Antibiotic w/ cortisone (if cornea is ______________)
Client info
Do not allow dogs to ride with head out window
Keep medial canthus of eye clean (warm water, clip hair)
Vaccinate kittens to prevent URI
Do not touch eye with ___________________
Discard unused medication

10. Epiphora EPIPHORA: ____________________ Causes (2 causes)
Overproduction of tears
Ocular pain, irritation (from hair, etc)
Faulty drainage by___________________
Blockage of duct (swelling, inflam)
Blockage of puncta (hair, debris)
Imperforate puncta (no opening)
Cockers
Poodles
Trauma

11. Epiphora Signs Dx Rx Client info Watering of eye Discoloration of hair
Fluorescein dye test
Dye __________________ shows duct is open Rx
Treat 1º cause
________________________ lacrimal ducts
Surgically open imperforate puncta
Topical antibiotic ointment
Keep hair trimmed around eyes
May act as a wick
Client info
Staining due to pigment in tears, _______________
Some dogs have life-long problem

12. EPIPHORA
FLUSHING THE NASOLACRIMAL DUCT

13. Entropion: eyelids that roll in against the cornea
Causes
Congenital
large orbits w/ deep-set eyes (__________________________)
Collies, G. Dane, I. Set, Dobe, G. Ret, Rott, Weim
Poor ocular muscle development
Chesapeake, Labs, Chow, Samoyed
Trauma → scarring with distortion of lid
2º to painful corneal lesion, conjunctiva inflammation (most common cause in cats)
Signs
Epiphora (tearing)
Chemosis (swelling of conjunctiva)
Conjunctivitis
Pain
Corneal ulceration (±)
____________________

15. Entropion Treatment Surgical correction is treatment of choice
Temporary mattress suture to evert eye (young animal)
______________________________(to shorten eye lid)
Hotz-Celsus: Remove elliptical piece of tissue from under eye

17. Ectropion Causes Signs Rx __________________ Conjunctivitis Epiphora
Bassets, Blood, C Span, E Bull, St Bern
Signs
Conjunctivitis
Epiphora
Keratitis (corneal inflammation/scarring), usually from exposure
Purulent exudate Rx
Surgery to shorten eye lid
Other procedures

18. Hypertrophy and Prolapse of 3rd eyelid gland

19. Hypertrophy and Prolapse of Nictitans Gland (Cherry Eye)
Nictitating membrane is the 3rd eyelid; is a protective structure
Produces ___________________of tears
Cause is unknown
Bassets, Beagle, Bos. Terr, C. Span
Signs
_____________________(<2 y)
Epiphora
Usually no pain Dx
r/o tumor in older dogs and cats Rx
Sx to remove gland is an option , but not recommended
Suture back in place