1. 03 Bone Marrow: “Amorphous Primitive Mass” Liver: “Amorphous Primitive Mass”; spheric cell full of basophil particles; evolutive form (tadpole) 02 Amastigote form - two 04 Evolutive forms of Chagasic cardiomegaly Sternal bone marrow, imprint: ring – shaped and evolutive forms resulting from unwinding. (Giemsa – photo Kodak film) 15 Bone marrow, imprint: parasite evolved by an “unwinding or indirect mechanism” (Giemsa - photo Kodak Film) 16 22 10 Liver: spheric cell full of basophil particlesLiver: evolutive form (tadpole) 12 14 Sternal bone marrow, imprint: polymorphism (Giemsa – photo Fuji film) 18 Acute myocarditis nest of amastigotes 19 Nest of amastigote 20 Rupture of amastigotes nest with inflammatory reaction Acute myocarditis inflammatory process and edema 21 Liver: evolutive form 11 Evolutionary form resulting from elongation – resembling tadpoles. 13 Epimastigote form. 17 05 Colon, Auerbach plexus: integral neuron with parasites without inflammatory reaction (histology- HE. 400X) 06 Colon, Auerbach plexus rupture of nest within parasitic neuron and ruptured of host cell without inflammatory reaction (cytokine should be forming at this time) (histology. HE 400 X) 07 Colon, Auerbach plexus: rupture neuron without reaction (histology- HE. 400X). 08 Colon, Auerbach plexus: Beginning of acute inflammatory process. 09 Colon, Auerbach plexus: Lymphocytes stained cytokine. Blood stream: adult of Trypanosoma cruzi. 01 Masayuki Okumura University of São Paulo Medical School - Brazil Okumura.h@uol.com.br 1 - PARASITE: 1 - PARASITE: Trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) (20-24 micron - Fig. 01) was inoculated in the abdomen of mouse. After inoculation of parasite get into host cells transforming in the amastigote form (1.5 – 4 micron – Fig. 04), which reproduce by successive binary division and forms parasites nests (Fig. 05,18), also known as pseudocyst full of amastigotes. The nests are compact at first, but with the evolution they become flaccid and filled with fluid, with posterior distension and rupture of the nests (Fig. 06) liberating hundred parasites in the cytoplasm of the host cells. 2 - CYTOKINE~LIKE: 2 - CYTOKINE~LIKE: The host cell is also injured when the amastigotes nest breaks and the content is liberated into the interstitial space. These “pro-cytokines” do not stain characteristically by the commercially cytokine markers (Fig. 09); however, due to different ways of conjugation, as electrostatic, physic-chemical, biological or enzymatic mechanism, transformation into a CYTOKINE-LIKE SUBSTANCE” may occur, now in condition to be marked by immunohistochemical markers. 6 - EVOLUTION: 6 - EVOLUTION: At the time of rupture, the PAM liberate cytokines and factors that modulates the inflammatory response leading to the different patterns of lesions, such as the megaorgans in the chronic phase (Fig. 22). 4 - MULTIPOTENTIALITY: 4 - MULTIPOTENTIALITY: The Trypanosoma cruzi in contact with this gel, evolutes to different forms, depending on the stimulus (cytokine) and environment. A -liver imprint: spherical forms, with increase volume containing basophil particles, which emitted membrane protuberance transformed by “elongation (jostling) or direct mechanism” into epimastigotes, hepatic form (Fig. 02, 10, 11, 12, 13); B -bone marrow or spleen imprint: the PAM containing eosinophil ring-shaped when free, after has the form of a C and spindle-shaped amastigotes, which evolutes by an “unwinding or indirect mechanism” transforming into epimastigotes (tadpole-like), medullar form: (Fig. 03,14,15,16,17); C -Tissue: classic evolution with formation of amastigotes nests (Fig. 01, 04,18,19, 20, 21). CONCLUSION PRIMITIVE AMORPHOUS MASS The PRIMITIVE AMORPHOUS MASS is the precursor of the embryonic trunk or stem cells. A -nest is made up of living or degenerated protozoans, mostly amastigotes, parasite DNA, product of parasitic metabolism together with the cystic fluid, hence constituting a “pro- cytokine A”; B -injury host cell also liberates its contents, characterized by cell debris with DNA or genetic code, this cytosol with the product of its metabolism, end up constituting another “pro-cytokine B” (Fig. 06). 5 - TRUNK OR STEM CELLS: 5 - TRUNK OR STEM CELLS: After inoculation in the abdomen, the T.cruzi evolutes in three ways depending on the organ: The Chagas´disease (Tripanosomiase americana) is ideal for study – TRUNK OR EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS because Trypanosoma cruzi is a flagellate protozoan, with great motility, easily identified under optical microscope without having to use stain, functioning as biological markers. We have been able to confirm the daily variability of quality and quantity of: a) the parasitemia, b) the parasitism in the tissue, c) motility, d) the leukocytosis of the acute stage of the disease and the hypertrophy of the chronic phase from the single inoculation of protozoan; the latter includes the elongation and dilatation of the organs constituting the “megas”. 3 - PRIMITIVE AMORPHOUS MASS: 3 - PRIMITIVE AMORPHOUS MASS: The cytokine-like gets into the blood stream and interstitial space and develops sensibilization of the organism. From the second generation of parasite leasing the reaction is made by aggregation with others substances, forming a gel, an amorphous mass, which we called “PRIMITIVE AMORPHOUS MASS” (PAM) in the interstice (Fig. 02, 03). MATERIAL AND METHODS INTRODUCTION SUGGESTIONSUGGESTION To change the words embryonic trunk or stem cells by amorphous mass or matter gel.