1. MANDATORY CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV): NO SHOTS – NO SCHOOL AUDREY MUNN AMY ROELSE

2. INTRODUCTION MANDATORY CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS HELP PREVENT ILLNESS BEFORE A CHILD IS EXPOSED TO CERTAIN DISEASES – DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, TETANUS, POLIO, MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA, HEPATITIS B, MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, VARICELLA, HPV THERE ARE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES TO IMMUNIZING A CHILD AGAINST THESE DISEASES

3. OBJECTIVES GET THE FACTS ABOUT DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, TETANUS, POLIO, MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA, HEPATITIS B, MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, VARICELLA, HPV AND THE VACCINES TO PREVENT THEM EXPLORE AND ANALYZE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IMMUNIZING A CHILD AGAINST THESE DISEASES

4. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT POLICIES – REQUIRED IMMUNIZATIONS IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS, PERTUSSIS (DTP) POLIO MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA (MMR) HEPATITIS B MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS VARICELLA (CHICKEN POX) Table 1. Estimated numbers of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths prevented by routine childhood immunization for selected vaccine-preventable diseases among children born during the Vaccines for Children era in the United States, 1994 to 2013

5. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT POLICY - WAIVERS PARENTS/GUARDIANS HAVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE HEALTHCARE DECISIONS THAT THEY FEEL ARE BEST FOR THEIR CHILD THE STATE OF MICHIGAN RECOGNIZES A PARENT’S/GUARDIAN’S RIGHT TO WAIVER IMMUNIZING THEIR CHILD IN MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND RELIGIOUS CASES IMMUNIZATION WAIVERS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST AT THE LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENT SIGNED AND CERTIFIED WAIVERS ARE FILED WITH THE STATE OF MICHIGAN

6. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH – RECOMMENDED IMMUNIZATIONS IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN ROTAVIRUS (RV) HIB PNEUOMOCOCCAL (PCV) HEPATITIS A HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) INFLUENZA ZOSTER (SHINGLES)

7. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT FINANCES – INSURANCE COVERS CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV FINANCES – PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES MAKE MONEY ON CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV RESOURCES – THERE ARE MANY RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV RESOURCES – THERE ARE MANY RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ABOUT THE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV

8. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT POLITICAL ISSUES – THE STATE OF MICHIGAN LAW REQUIRES CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS FOR SCHOOL ENTRY AND ATTENDANCE POLITICAL ISSUES – THE STATE OF MICHIGAN LAW ALSO ALLOWS WAIVERS FOR MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND RELIGIOUS CONTRAINDICATIONS ETHICAL ISSUES – AUTONOMY AND PARENTS’/GUARDIANS’ RIGHTS ETHICAL ISSUES – BENEFICENCE AND NONMALEFICENCE

9. ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT NURSING PRACTICE – DOCTORS’ OFFICE NURSES AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT NURSES ADMINISTER CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV NURSING PRACTICE – SCHOOL NURSES REPORT REQUIRED CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS TO THE STATE QUALITY AND SAFETY ISSUES – DOCTORS’ OFFICE NURSES AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT NURSES ENSURE THE QUALITY AND SAFETY OF VACCINES QUALITY AND SAFETY ISSUES – SCHOOL NURSES ENSURE THE VERIFICATION OF IMMUNIZATION RECORDS AND CERTIFICATION OF WAIVERS

10. INFERENCES MANDATORY CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV HELP PREVENT DISEASES - DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, TETANUS, POLIO, MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA, HEPATITIS B, MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, VARICELLA CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN SOME MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND RELIGIOUS CASES CHILDREN WHO ARE NOT IMMUNIZED ARE AT RISK FOR CONTRACTING THESE DISEASES AND SPREADING THEM TO OTHER CHILDREN WHO ARE NOT IMMUNIZED

11. IMPLICATIONS/CONSEQUENCES MANDATORY CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR SCHOOL ENTRY AND ATTENDANCE NO SHOTS – NO SCHOOL CHILDREN WHO ARE NOT IMMUNIZED MAY CONTRACT DISEASES AND SPREAD THEM TO OTHER CHILDREN WHO ARE NOT IMMUNIZED

12. RECOMMENDATIONS CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS TO PREVENT DISEASES AND ILLNESS ARE RECOMMENDED FOR ALL CHILDREN – NEWBORN TO SCHOOL AGE PARENTS/GUARDIANS SHOULD TO GET THE FACTS ABOUT THESE DISEASES PARENTS/GUARDIANS SHOULD TALK TO THEIR CHILD’S DOCTOR OR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL ABOUT VACCINES TO HELP PREVENT THESE DISEASES

13. CONCLUSION/SUMMARY VACCINES HELP PREVENT ILLNESS BEFORE A CHILD IS EXPOSED TO CERTAIN DISEASES PARENTS/GUARDIANS HAVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE HEALTHCARE DECISIONS THAT THEY FEEL ARE BEST FOR THEIR CHILD IF NOT MEDICALLY, PHILOSOPHICALLY, OR RELIGIOUSLY CONTRAINDICATED, ALL CHILDREN SHOULD BE IMMUNIZED AGAINST DISEASES

14. REFERENCES AMERICAN ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS AT WWW.AAFP.ORGWWW.AAFP.ORG AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS AT WWW.AAP.ORGWWW.AAP.ORG AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT WWW.AMA.ORGWWW.AMA.ORG CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION AT WWW.GOV.CDC/VACCINESWWW.GOV.CDC/VACCINES EDGE, R. S., & GROVES, J. R. (2006). ETHICS OF HEALTH CARE: A GUIDE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE (3 RD ED.). CLIFTON PARK, NY: DELMAR CENGAGE LEARNING. MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH AT WWW.MICHIGAN.GOV/IMMUNIZEWWW.MICHIGAN.GOV/IMMUNIZE SABNIS, S. S., & CONWAY, J. H. (2015). OVERCOMING CHALLENGES TO CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS STATUS. PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 62(5), 1093-1109. DOI:10.1016/J.PCL.2015.05.004