1. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Learning Objective
Define CPR
State Purpose of CPR
List the clinical manifestation of arrest
Mention the basic rescue skills
Perform CPR for arrested person
Identify Precautions for Rescuers
Discuss Complication of CPR

2. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Definitions
CPR is an emergency life support technique used to artificially maintain both circulation and ventilation in persons suffering from cardiac respiratory arrest until advanced life support can be made.
Is a combination of oral resuscitation (mouth to mouth breathing), which supplies oxygen to the lungs, and external cardiac massage (chest compression) which reestablish cardiac function and blood circulation
CPR is also referred to as basic life support

3. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Purpose of CPR
To establish effective circulation and respiration
To prevent irreversible cerebral anoxia and damage
To establish carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange and adequate circulation blood can be delivered

4. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Cardiac arrest
Is the cessation of cardiac function (the heart stops beating)
Cardiac arrest is unexpected and sudden occur=
The heart no longer pumps blood to any of the organs of the body
Breathing then stops, and the persons becomes unconscious

5. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Clinical manifestation of arrest
Sudden unconscious
The person’s skin appears pale and feels cool
Cyanosis
Not heard B.P
Absent carotid or femoral pulse
Dilated pupils
Gasping then stop respiration

6. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Respiratory arrest (pulmonary arrest)
It is cessation of breathing
May occurs due to:
blocked airway
Following a cardiac arrest

7. Steps of CPR 1- Check the victim response
Gently shaking the victim’s shoulders
Ask what has happened
Open your eyes
Speak loudly
If there is a response
-Treat any condition found
-Monitor vital signs
If there is no response
-Leave the victim in the position in which he was found
-Open the airway

8. Steps of CPR 2. Open airway Kneel by victim head
Place one hand on his forehead
Gently tilt his head backward and pull the jaw outward
Pick any obvious obstructions (dislodge dentures or broken teeth) from mouth
Check to see if the victim is now breathing

9. Steps of CPR 3. Check Breathing Look for chest movement
Listen for sounds of breathing
Feel for breath on your cheek
If the victim is breathing
Check for any life threatening injuries such as (bleeding )and treat
Place him in recovery position
Monitor vital signs
If the victim is not breathing
Give two effective rescue breaths and then check for signs of circulation

10. Steps of CPR How to Give Rescue Breaths
Make sure that the airway is still open
Move the hand that was on the forehead down to the nose
Open the victim’s mouth
Take a deep breath to fill
your lungs with air and
place your lips around the victim’s mouth
Blow the air into the victim’s mouth until the chest rise this takes about 2 second
If the chest rise visibly and falls fully you have given an effective breath
Give two effective breaths
then check for signs of circulation
After two breaths, the rescuer checks the unconscious person's pulse (carotid artery).

11. Steps of CPR How to Give Rescue Breaths
If the unconscious person has a heartbeat, the rescuer continues rescue breathing until help arrives or the person begins breathing without assistance.
If the unconscious person is breathing, the rescuer turns the person onto his or her side.
If there is no heartbeat, the rescuer performs chest compressions

12. Steps of CPR 4. Check for circulation
Determine pulse by feel => for the carotid pulse
Manual compression => of the chest (cardiac massage)
-Place the heal of your first hand on top of the other hand and
interlock your fingers
-With your arms straight press down vertically and depress the
chest by about 4-5 cm
-Release the pressure without removing your hands from his chest

13. Steps of CPR Manual Compression
Compress the chest 15 times per10–15 second intervals. and give two rescue breaths
Continue this cycle of alternating 15 chest compressions with two rescue breaths until emergency help arrives
The victim takes a spontaneous breath
You become exhausted

14. CPR for Children For children over the age of eight (+8 years)
The rescuer performs CPR exactly => as for an adult
In child (1-7 years)
Use the heal of one hand only to apply pressure
Compress the chest 5 times and give one rescue breaths use
The breastbone is depressed only (2.5–3.5 cm) for a child
In infant under one year (– 1 years)
Use infant's nose and mouth to give gentle breaths.
Use the two fingertips only to apply pressure
The breastbone is depressed only (1.5–2.5 cm) for an infant,

15. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Precautions for Rescuers
Do not leave the victim alone.
Do not give chest compressions if the victim has a pulse. (cause the heart to stop beating).
Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink.
Avoid moving the victim's head or neck if spinal injury is a possibility.
The person should be left as found if breathing freely.
To check for breathing when spinal injury is suspected, the rescuer should only listen for breath by the victim's mouth and watch the chest for movement.
Do not slap the victim's face, or throw water on the face, to try and revive the person.
Do not place a pillow under the victim's head.

16. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Complication of CPR
Gastric distention due to artificial ventilation by mouth to mouth
Fracture rib
Hemothorax
Penumothorax
Abdominal organs laceration