1. Places to Intervene in a System

2. Is the Economy a Complex System? What is a system? What is a complex system?

3. 9. Numbers (subsidies, taxes, standards). Carbon taxes, efficiency subsidies Café standards, free buses Ag subsidies Sequester and taxes 8.4Length of delay In feedback process Imagine if climate change did not have a 30 year lag Monetary vs. fiscal policy

4. 8.5 Changing the size of buffers 8. Material stocks and flows. Plumbing or infrastructure 7. Regulating negative feedback loops. Market prices Signal must be proportional to impact it is trying to address

5. 6. Driving positive feedback loops. Climate change Capital growth rate Tobin tax, high tax rates

6. 5. Information flows Type of feedback loop 4. The rules of the system (incentives, punishment, constraints). Repeal the laws of thermodynamics Kyoto Altruistic punishment

7. 3. The power of self-organization. Diversity Adaptive management Economics Why is economics not an evolutionary science? “…economics is helplessly behind the times, and unable to handle its subject-matter in a way to entitle it to standing as a modern science”. Patents 2. The goals of the system. 1. The mindset or paradigm out of which the goals, rules, feedback structure arise.

8. Transcending the Discipline