1. Regional Optical Networks and Evolving US National Research and Education Networking Paul Schopis, OARnet Dale Smith, University of Oregon International Task Force, Internet2 2005 Fall Member Meeting, Sept 19, 2005

2. Regional Optical Networks (RONs) Evolution of IP-only carrier circuit-based regional networks (old Internet2 Gigapops) RONs are based on dark fiber Most lit with DWDM Provide much more to customers than basic IP services

3. US RON Dark Fiber Holdings

4. OARnet Background Founded in 1987 as part of the Ohio Supercomputing Center 90+ higher ed member institutions Board of Regents funding OSTEER advisory council Internet2 gigapop

5. Third Frontier Network Phase 1: replace backbone with dark fiber Phase 2: connect 17 universities to network with dark fiber or gig circuits Phase 3: connect other universities and colleges Phase 4: connect other partners

6. Dark Fiber Acquisition RFP issued during Summer of 2002 Dark fiber was strongly preferred, but leased services considered Vendors who bid dark fiber were required to offer a minimum of a single pair of fiber over their network

7. Dark Fiber Acquisition Determined that leased lambdas were too expensive and not widely available Selected a bid from Spectrum Networks for single pair of fibers –American Electric Power (AEP) –Williams Communications (Wiltel)

8. Dark Fiber Acquisition $4.6 M for 20 year IRUs $342K/yr for maintenance 1600+ route miles Truewave, SMF-28, LEAF or Terra Light Fiber Aerial and buried

10. TFN Financing $21M investment Financing from Ohio State University –Loan for fiber ($7M) –Short-term financing ($2M) Financing from state capital budget ($8.5M) –Equipment Purchased from SBC –Last mile to 17 institutions

11. Equipment Cisco 15454 integrated solution (DWDM) –all of the amps, mux/demux etc. integrated Multi Service Transport Platform (MSTP) –ITU G.709 compliant Cisco routers (GSR 12000) and switches Juniper M7i routers

12. Implementation Using MPLS Using Logical Routers 2.5 gig backbone Hired 2 optical engineers Using Cisco Transport Manager software First fiber cut tested redundancy

13. Last Mile Solution RFP issued in Dec 2003 for last-mile connectivity to all higher education and K- 12 sites OC3, gig circuits and 10 gig circuits SBC won last mile contract

14. What is next? Connect institutions with state-funded last mile connections Assist institutions with last mile solutions Investigate fiber possibilities Seek partners for network

15. Factors for Consideration for Interconnecting RONs Technical - Pretty easy, O-E-O Economic - A little more complicated Social and Operational - Getting pretty complicated, enters into levels 8 & 9 of the protocol stack e.g. Politics

16. Evolving US National R&E Network United States National Research and Education Network was Internet2 National Lambda Rail (NLR) is a new player What is the relationship? Why two national research and education networks? What does the future hold?

17. Internet2 SONET Backbone provided by contract with Qwest Qwest contract also calls for free SONET backhaul from Gigapop site to nearest backbone node Core Service is layers - IP Members are primarily individual institutions of higher education, research labs, or other corporations Many members - $27,000 plus contracted network costs. Large central management with costly overhead

19. NLR Startup funded by financial commitments of members Dark-fiber based network lit with DWDM Core service is lambda Members are primarily Regional Optical Networks Few members - $5 million over 5 years plus service fees. Management is thin and avoids large, costly central functions

21. Relationship between I2 and NLR Internet2 is a double member of NLR All NLR members are also members of I2 I2 and NLR backbone footprint very similar Both seek to advance research through high performance networking However, differences in membership, culture, and focus of services

22. Why two Networks? Technology sector bust provided opportunity to acquire dark fiber NLR formed by forward thinking members at the national research and education community

23. Factors at Play Qwest contracts for I2 SONET circuits expires in October 2007 Demands on I2 to support more than IP Two networks confusing to virtually everyone Two networks are a drain on resources I2 and NLR boards are in negotiation about merging the two organizations to form the New National Network Organization (N30)

24. Predictions of Future Merger will happen and N3O will be created All networking activities will use current NLR as national backbone Free backhaul will not be available There will be dramatically fewer mid-level (Gigapop) networks All mid-level networks will be RONs Much work is required to provide more than just IP in various domains of control of network –from campus to RON –RON to backbone –RON to RON