1. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Cutlip & Center's Effective PUBLIC RELATIONS PART I Concept, Practitioners, Context, and Origins Chapter 4 Historical Origins Tenth Edition

2. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Study Guide After studying Chapter 4, you should be able to: 1.Use examples to illustrate how the development of public relations occurred during attempts to mobilize public opinion in struggles for power and to promote change. 2.Name major historical leaders in public relations and describe their respective contributions to the development of public relations and the current practice. 3.Trace the evolution of public relations from its American beginnings to modern practice. 4.Cite the origins of some of today’s principals and techniques that guide public relations. 4-1

3. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Timeline of Public Relations Development 4-2

4. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Public bePublic beMutualMutual DamnedInformed UnderstandingAdjustment (1850-1900)(1901-1922)(1923-1974)(1975 –) Eras of public relations development from Effective Public Relations, p. 93. 4-3

5. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Public bePublic beMutualMutual DamnedInformed UnderstandingAdjustment (1850-1900)(1901-1922)(1923-1974)(1975 –) Press Agentry/ Publicity Model Public Information Model Two-Way Asymmetric Model Two-Way Symmetric Model Grunig and Hunt’s models of public relations from Managing Public Relations (1984), p. 13. 4-4

6. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Public bePublic beMutualMutual DamnedInformed UnderstandingAdjustment (1850-1900)(1901-1922)(1923-1974)(1975 –) Press Agentry/ Publicity Model Public Information Model Two-Way Asymmetric Model Two-Way Symmetric Model Estimated development of the four models over the eras of public relations’ development. 4-5

7. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Public bePublic beMutualMutual DamnedInformed UnderstandingAdjustment (1850-1900)(1901-1922)(1923-1974)(1975 –) Press Agentry/ Publicity Model Public Information Model Two-Way Asymmetric Model Two-Way Symmetric Model 4-6

8. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Founders of the Field 4-7

9. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ivy Ledbetter Lee b. July 16, 1877 d. November 9, 1934 4-8

10. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. George Creel b. December 1, 1876 d. October 2, 1953 4-9

11. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Committee on Public Information 4-10

12. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Edward L. Bernays b. November 22, 1891 d. March 9, 1995 4-11

13. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Doris Fleischman Bernays b. July 18, 1892 d. July 11, 1980 Married Bernays September 16, 1922 4-12

14. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Edward L. Bernays Counsel on Public Relations 1919–1962 4-13

15. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Arthur W. Page b. September 10, 1883 d. September 5, 1960 4-14

16. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Allen H. Center b. October 17, 1912 d. November 13, 2005 4-15

17. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Scott M. Cutlip b. July 15, 1915 d. August 18, 2000 4-16

18. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Inez Y. Kaiser b. circa 1920 4-17

19. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Daniel J. Edelman b. circa 1920 4-18

20. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Harold M. Burson b. February 15, 1921 4-19

21. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Tim Traverse-Healy b. March 25, 1923 4-20

22. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Betsy Ann Plank b. circa 1924 4-21

23. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 1.Seedbed Era (1900–1916) of muckraking journalism countered by defensive publicity. 2.World War I Period (1917–1918) of dramatic demonstrations of the power of organized promotion. 3.Booming Twenties Era (1919–1929) of applying lessons learned in the war about the power of publicity. 4.Roosevelt Era and World War II (1930–1945) of the Great Depression, new media, public opinion polling, and World War II. Evolution to Maturity 4-22

24. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 5.Postwar Era (1946–1964) of adjustment from a war- oriented economy to leadership of the “Free World” and the emergence of television. 6.Period of Protest and Empowerment (1965–1985) of student and activist protests, the Vietnam War, and increasing recognition of social responsibility and more responsive organizations. 7.Digital Age and Globalization (1986–present) of accelerating technology, global competition, interdependence, instantaneous communication, and terrorism. Evolution to Maturity 4-23

25. Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth Edition Glen Broom Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 4-24