1. Collective Security in Space, Paris, 15 May 2006 Polish Space Office Smaller European Countries and Space Security Jakub Ryzenko Ryzenko@onet.pl Institute of International Relations Warsaw University & Polish Space Office

2. Practical consequences of space security developments for smaller European countries Policy implications

3. Consequences of existence of: Missile defense system ASATs Space-to-Earth weapons

4. Space-related security goals protect own territory protect own space systems protect ability to use space systems deny space augmentation for enemy

5. Missile defense Limited increase of territory protection Increased freedom of political maneuver Is space component needed?

6. ASATs Ground combat less asymmetric

8. ASATs Ground combat less asymmetric Increase of risk for own space systems Negative economic consequences

9. Space-to-Earth weapons Increased risk of retaliation Need to seek alliances with ASAT-owners

10. Space security developments... … should not destabilize international relations … must not weaken transatlantic relations

11. Increasing of space awareness = confidence building measure and is a potential field for cooperation Space surveillance

12. Knowledge about and understanding of space security issues in smaller countries is very limited. Formulation of policies will most probably be a reaction to US or European initiative.