1. Chambers of Heart

2. Heart The heart is a hollow muscular organ Shape of the heart:
pyramid shaped with
three surfaces and apex.
Surfaces of the heart:
sternocostal surface:
Formed mainly by the right atrium
and the right ventricle
diaphragmatic surface:
Formed mainly by the right
and left ventricle
posterior surface
(base of the heart):
Formed mainly by the left atrium
lies opposite the apex
Apex:
formed by the left ventricle
lies at the 5th intercostal space

3. CHAMBERS and VALVES OF HEART
The heart is divided by
the vertical septa into
four chambers:
-right and left atria
-right and left ventricles
Valves:
Tricusped valve
( the cusps give
attachment
to chordae tendinae)
the mitral valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve
Cardiac muscle:
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium

4. Right atrium

5. Right Atrium The RA divided into two parts:
Posterior part called the sinus venarum
Anterior part called atrium proper is rough wall
And appendage called the auricle
Sulcus terminalis:this groove lies
Outside of the heart:At the junction between
the right atrium and the right auricle is a vertical groove.
Inside the heart
The vertical groove forms a ridge (cristae terminalis)
The part lies posterior to the ridge is smooth(derived embryologically from the sinus venosus)
The part in front of the ridge is rough(trabeculated) by muscle ,the
Muscle pectinati

6. Opening into the Right Atrium
- superior vena cava:
Opens into the upper part of RA(it has no valve)
-inferior vena cava:
Opens into the lower part of RA
Coronary sinus:
Opens between the inferior vena cava and the
atrio ventriclular orifice
drains most of the blood from the heart wall
Atrioventricular orifice:
anterior to the inferior vena cava opening
(guarded by tricusped valve)
Small orifice of small veins
Opens into the RA

7. Inter atrial septum,fossa ovalis
A depression seen on the atrial septum
It is oval in shape with a margin called limbus fossa ovalis
In fetus it serves as a communication between right and left atrium
In adult it is closed and appears as a depression called as fossa ovalis

8. Cavity of right ventricle&semilunar valves

9. Right ventricle Papillary muscles and valves
Right atrioventricular orffice is guarded by three valves named as tricuspid valve
Tricuspid valves are classified into anterior and posterior and septal based on anatomical position
The margins of the valves attached to chordatendinae which are continuation of the papillary muscle
The largest trabiculae which extends from the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle is called septomarginal trabcula (moderator band)
Trabaculaes are irregular muscular elevation of myocardium which projects into the lumen of both ventricles

10. Trabaculae carnae,pulmonary valves,papillary muscles&corda tendinae

11. Pulmonary valves
Pulmonary valves are located at the upper end of the right ventricular
It is placed between R.V and the pulmonary trunk
The orifice is about 3 cm in diameter and is guard by pulmonary valves also called semilunar valves
It has one anterior cusp and two posterior cusp

12. Left atrium& Left ventricle

13. Cavity of left ventricle & mitral valve

14. Left atrium & mitral valve

15. Left ventricle (mitral and aortic valve)
The inner surface of left ventricle is almost similar features
It has got an inflow tract (left atrioventricular orifice) and outflow tract (aortic orifice)
Trabaculae carneae are irregular muscular ridges
The mitral orifice is guarded by two valves (bicuspid) -one anterior and one posterior the valves attached to the papillary muscle through the chordaetendinae
The outflow tract is guarded by aortic valves (semilunar valves)which leads into the ascending aorta
They are two anterior and one posterior cusp

16. Arterial supply of the heart
Blood supply of the heart by:
Right and left coronary arteries
(which arise from the ascending aorta)
Branches of the Right coronary artery:
-Right conus artery
-Anterior ventricular branches
( gives the marginal branch)
-posterior ventricular branches
Posterior interventrcular
(descending artery)
-The atrial branches

17. Left coronary artery Larger than the right coronary artery
Supply the major part of the heart
Branches:
Anterior interventricular
(descending)
-gives left diagonal artery
and left conus artery
-circumflex artery
gives left marginal artery and
Ant and post ventriclar
branches

19. Venous drainage of heart
Most blood from the heart wall drains into the RA through the coronary sinus (which is a continuation of great cardiac vein).
Great cardiac vein:
It open into the RA to the left ofthe inferior vena cava
Small and middle cardiac vein
Anterior cardiac vein

20. Nerve supply of the heart
The heart is innervated by:
Cardiac plexuses
(fibers of autonomic nervous system)
Sympathetic fibers
(from cervical and upper portion of thorax)
Parasympathetic fibers
(from the vagus nerve)
Situated below the arch of Aorta
Action of heart
Cardiac cycle( normal beats per minutes for adult and for newborn child)

21. Fetal Remnants Fossa ovalis: Anulus ovalis:
Is a shallow depression
(which is the site of foramen ovale in the fetus)
Anulus ovalis:
forms the upper margin of the fossa
These strucures lie on the atrial septum
(which separates the right atrium from the left atrium)

25. And wishing you happy EID
THANK YOU
And wishing you happy EID
Dr. kumar
Associate professor
Dr. Mashair Abdelrhman