1. SPM 200 Clinical Skills Lab 1
Heart Sound and Echocardiography
Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT

2. Heart Sounds
S1: “ lub” occurs at the beginning of systole (mitral and tricuspid close)
S2: “dub” marks the start of diastole,
(aortic and pulmonic close)
S3: (ventricular gallop) early signs of CHF
S4: (atrial gallop) pulmonic stenosis, aortic stenosis, hypertension, MI & cardiomyopathy

3. Cardiac Murmurs Three Main Factors
High flow rate through normal or abnormal orifices
Forward flow through a constricted or irregular orifice or into a dilated vessel or chamber
Backward or regurgitant flow through an incompetent valve, septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus.

4. Echo views

5. Transthoracic Echo Views

6. Transthoracic Apical View (4 Chamber)
RA – Right Atrium
TV – Tricuspid Valve
RV – Right Ventricle
LA – Left Atrium
MV – Mitral Valve
LV – Left Ventricle

7. Parasternal Long Axis View
RV – Right Ventricle
LA – Left Atrium
Ao - Aorta
LV – Left Ventricle

8. Parasternal Short Axis View
RA – Right Atrium
TV – Tricuspid Valve
RV – Right Ventricle
PV – Pulmonic Valve
PA – Pulmonary Artery
AV – Aortic Valve
LA – Left Atrium

9. Parasternal Short Axis View – Apex
RV – Right Ventricle
LV – Left Ventricle