1. Political History of Mexico

2. After the Spanish conquered Mexico, they forced their language (Spanish) and their religion (Roman Catholic Christianity) on the Indians of Mexico.

3. Spaniards even tore down Indian temples and pyramids and built Christian churches on top of their foundations. Mitla, Mexico

4. Still today, the Roman Catholic Church is the main church in Mexico and Spanish is the main language.

5. So you should be able to answer this now: How did the Spanish language get to Mexico?

6. And you should be able to answer this: How did the Catholic Church get to Mexico?

7. Spaniards born in Mexico controlled most of Mexico. (They were kind of like our American colonists.) But they were still controlled by the King of Spain.

8. In 1810, the Spaniards in Mexico rebelled against the King of Spain. In 1821, they won their War of Independence.

9. The Spaniards in Mexico were now independent. Instead of being ruled by the King of Spain, they elected their own Congress. This Mexican flag was first used in the Independence Parade of September 1821.

10. So who ran Mexico now?  the Spanish king?  the Spanish people born in Mexico?  the native Mexicans?

11. How do you suppose the U.S. ended up with the northern half of Mexico’s land? This was Mexico in 1821.

12. In 1845, when the U.S. Congress voted to add Texas to the U.S., a war started between Mexico and the U.S. http://medias.photodeck.com/dab155e2-3d7b-11e0-91c9-61cfc2a031ac/001639_xgaplus.jpg

13. In the treaty that ended the war, the U.S. took not just Texas but also New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada, and part of Colorado & Wyoming.

14. What city names in these states tell us that they used to belong to Mexico? Amarillo Sacramento San Francisco El Paso Los Angeles Las Cruces, NM Durango, CO Escalante, UT San Antonio

15. Creoles (full-blooded Spaniards born in Mexico) controlled Mexico until 1910. This is when the Mexican Revolution started.

16. This revolution called for “¡Tierra y Libertad!” This time, it was the Indian and mixed race (mestizo) people demanding “Land and Liberty!”

17. In 1917, the fighting ended and a new Constitution was written.

18. The new Constitution:  limited the power of the wealthy Catholic Church,  included mixed-race (mestizo) Mexicans in the government, and  included protections for workers.

19. This is also when the Mexican flag was designed. The new flag honored Mexico’s Indian heritage.

20. Most of the people in Mexico today are mestizos – a mixture of Indian and Spanish blood.

21. After the revolution, the country was supposed to be a republic – with democratic elections. Voting booths

22. But Mexico was actually run by one political party – PRI, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional).

23. It was illegal NOT to vote in Mexico, but elections were controlled so only one party could win.

24. In 1939, the National Action Party – PAN (Partido Acción Nacional) – was formed. They challenged the power of the PRI party. PAN leaders were harassed by PRI officials.

25. PAN never won elections until 1989, when their candidate won the governor’s election in the state of Baja California.

26. To prove that the 1994 national elections would be free and fair, Mexico’s government invited outside groups to observe the election process and watch for problems. There were 775 foreign and 81,620 Mexican observers that carefully watched.

27. A PRI candidate still won, but the 1994 elections were the first proven free and fair presidential elections in Mexico. https://www.ndi.org/files/images/mexico.jpg

28. In the next national election six years later, a PAN candidate was elected as Mexico’s President. It was the first time in over 70 years that someone NOT in PRI was elected as Mexico’s President. http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/file.php?path=/images/CQ_Researcher/r20001103-fox.jpg

29. In 2012, PRI’s candidate won the presidency. Some people claimed that PRI had cheated to win control again. But there was no proof. http://images.latintimes.com/sites/latintimes.com/files/styles/large_breakpoints_theme_ lt_desktop_1x/public/2015/08/21/pena-nieto-se-parece-pendejo-hoy.jpg Unfortunately for PRI, he has not been a very popular president.

31. Three main political parties now help balance political power in Mexico. https://www.canninghouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Fig1-Chamberofdeputiesv.0.2-2.png

32. PRI = Institutional Revolutionary Party PAN = National Action Party PRD = Party of the Democratic Revolution

33. Image Sources http://www.travel-island.com/countrymaps/mexico.gif http://www.ontheroadin.com/mitla_oaxaca_ancient_and_colonia.htm http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/nativeamerican/texas_native_americans/htms/TheMeetingSpanishandNApg.htm http://www.pe.com/imagesdaily/2007/01-22/migrant22mza_400a.jpg http://www.elbalero.gob.mx/kids/history/html/colonia/criollos.html http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Column/7292/Flag1821.gif http://blm.utep.edu/crta/images/1821.jpg http://www.mohonasen.org/grade5/lpurch1.jpg http://web.stratfor.com/images/northamerica/map/4_4_latino_us_978.jpg http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=92785&rendTypeId=4 http://www.uncg.edu/rom/courses/lachesak/107/zapata.jpg http://www.mexicanamericans.com/PanchoVilla.jpg http://www.oberlin.edu/faculty/svolk/zapata-rivera.jpg http://www.nga.gov/education/classroom/self_portraits/img/img_siqueiros_revolutionaries_sm.jpg http://www.liquoranddrink.com/image/article12_Flag.jpg http://www.fotw.net/images/m/mx%7Dpri).gif http://www.atlasgeo.net/fotw/images/m/mx%7Dpri.gif http://www.pickatrail.com/jupiter/location/north_america/mexico/map/baja_california.gif www.ft.com/dkreports/mexico4