1. Cell Structure & Function

2. A Little History 1600’s – cork cells – Robert Hooke

3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek-1600’s Observed “animalcules”

4. Anton’s Words... my work, which I've done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a craving after knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therewithal, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that all ingenious people might be informed thereof. Antony van Leeuwenhoek. Letter of June 12, 1716

5. Matthias Schleiden – 1800’s Plant Biologist – started as lawyer Father of cell theory One of first German scientists to accept Darwin’s theory of Evolution

6. Theodor Schwann -1800’s Medicine – physiology Met with Schleiden Helped with cell theory after realizing that nucleus was in both plant and animal cells

7. Rudolf Virchow – 1800’s Studied cell division Completed cell theory

8. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

9. Janet Plowe – 1900’s Showed that the cell membrane is an actual structure

10. George Langford - now Studied movement of vesicles along the cytoskeleton Both myosin tubules and actin filaments

11. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

12. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

13. Sizes of cells (Click)Sizes of cells

14. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

15. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

16. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms PlantAnimal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

17. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

18. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif “Typical” Plant Cell

19. Cell Parts Structures/Organell es

20. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer

21. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells

22. Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

23. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

24. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

25. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

26. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture filled with proteins Surrounded by cell membrane

27. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell ribosomes embedded in surface New proteins are twisted and folded

28. Smooth Endoplas- mic Reticulum No ribosomes Synthesize lipids Site for enzyme action Storage of enzymes

29. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ER & floating throughout the cell

30. Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water & other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

31. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell

32. Cytoskeleton Composed of proteins Movement of vesicles Support for cell Cilia, flagellae, cell division

33. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

34. Peroxisome Oxidative enzymes - catalase Self- replicating Do not form at Golgi Body Rid body of toxins such as hydrogen peroxide

35. Vacuoles – vesicles Digestion Secretion Transport Water - vacuole

36. Vacuoles – in Plants Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape

37. Chloroplast - Plant Where photosynthesis takes place Contains chlorophyll Found in plants, protists

38. Centrosome/Centrioles - Animal Involved in cell division – formation of spindle Microtubule Organizing Center