1. Golden Bamboo Phyllostachys aurea (Carr) Poaceae

2. Biology Native to southeast ChinaNative to southeast China Introduced for the landscapeIntroduced for the landscape –Visual and noise barriers One of the most common bamboos in U.S.One of the most common bamboos in U.S. Category II invasive by FLEPPCCategory II invasive by FLEPPC

3. Distribution & Impacts Commonly found from Maryland to Florida, far west as ArkansasCommonly found from Maryland to Florida, far west as Arkansas Isolated infestations in OregonIsolated infestations in Oregon Fast growth and spread, mainly through rhizomes, quickly displaces native vegetationFast growth and spread, mainly through rhizomes, quickly displaces native vegetation Best in full sun but also in open forestsBest in full sun but also in open forests

4. Golden Bamboo Distribution in Florida

5. Identification

6. Mature Plant Can grow up to 30 feet in heightCan grow up to 30 feet in height Green to yellow stems, swollen internodes at baseGreen to yellow stems, swollen internodes at base Rhizomes arise from side shootsRhizomes arise from side shoots

7. Leaves Leaves are lanceolateLeaves are lanceolate –Roughly 15 cm long –1 to 2 cm wide Flowers infrequently, may be several decades before flowering occursFlowers infrequently, may be several decades before flowering occurs

8. Management PreventativeCulturalMechanicalBiologicalChemical

9. Preventative 1.Limit planting as an ornamental 2.Remove existing plants, including resprouts and before seeds are produced 3.Avoid mechanical disturbance in forested areas – logging, rouging, etc. where golden bamboo fern is present

10. Cultural 1.Alternative landscape plants to replace golden bamboo 2.Programs to educate homeowners about the problems associated with this plant and proper identification 3.Maintain good ground cover and mixture of plant species to reduce establishment

11. Biological 1.There are no known biological control agents available for golden bamboo management in Florida or the southeastern U.S.

12. Mechanical 1.Hand pull young plants, including all rhizomes, repeated pulling for resprouts 2.Mowing or cutting is effective, but must be repeated to control resprouts 3.Tillage, although likely impractical, will be very effective

13. Chemical - Foliar 1.Over-the-top applications of glyphosate at 2 to 3% solution plus 0.5% surfactant 2.Thoroughly wet leaves and stems with herbicide 3.Retreatment will be necessary for complete eradication

14. Chemical - Wipe 1.Cut stems and allow for 2 to 4 feet of regrowth 2.Apply (wipe) 100% glyphosate along the entire stem – use heavy cloth and rubber gloves 3.Will likely require retreatment

15. Chemical – Cut Stump 1.Individual trees, near desirable species 2.Cut trunks/stems horizonally at or near ground level 3.Apply 25% solution of glyphosate 4.Cover the outer 20% of the stump 5.Marker (blue) dye is helpful

17. Useful Links Floridata Homepage: http://www.floridata.com/main_fr.cfm?state =Welcome&viewsrc=welcome.htm http://www.floridata.com/main_fr.cfm?state =Welcome&viewsrc=welcome.htm University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html University of Florida’s Cooperative Extension Electronic Data Information Source: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.htmlhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.html

18. Useful Links The Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group. Weeds Gone Wild: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas: http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/index.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/index.htm Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems: http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm Invasive Plants of the Eastern United States: http://www.invasive.orghttp://www.invasive.org

19. Literature Cited Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp