2. 1. Where are we ? -In the Universe In the Solar System 3 rd planet from the Sun

3. 2. When you stand outside, what objects beyond the Earth can you see ? Sun, Moon, 5 Planets

4. 3. Identify the following using the diagram on the right to identify Zenith point directly above you Nadir point directly below you Northern Horizon Where the sky meets the ground in the north Southern Horizon Where the sky meets the ground in the south zenith nadir NHSH

5. 4. Why do objects beyond the Earth appear to move ? Because the Earth rotates

6. 5. Define rotation To move about an internal axis

7. 6. How do we know that the Earth is rotating ? Foucault Pendulum Not attached to Earth Earth must be rotating under the pendulum

8. 7. Which way does the Earth Rotate ? How do you know ? Sun shows on Eastern coast of US first. Must be going counterclockwise

9. 8. What is the celestial sphere ? Imaginary ball around the Earth that the stars can be found upon.

10. 9. What affect does the rotation of the Earth have on the celestial sphere? The celestial sphere appears to rotate around the Earth

11. 10. What are constellations ? What is their purpose ? Recognized group of stars in patterns Their purpose: 1.is to section sky to identify the location of objects. 2.predicting future events 3. Entertainment – telling stories

12. 11. What is the difference between an asterism and a constellation? Give some examples. A recognized group of stars that is only part of a constellation Examples big dipper, little dipper, sickle, summer triangle

13. 12. Find and name 5 constellations 3 stars found in your northern sky (these are the circumpolar constellations) ConstellationsStar A. Ursa Major MerakDubhe B. Ursa MajorNorth Star (Polaris) C. Cassiopeia D. Cepheus E. Draco

14. 13. How can you find the North Star (Polaris) ? Give 2 ways 1. Using the two pointer stars in the Big Dipper (Merak & Dubhe) create a straight line to the North Star 2. Face north and count 4 fist and a finger up from the horizon (altitude)

15. 14. How is altitude measured ? Measure the angle from the horizon up to the object in the sky

16. ConstellationStar Sky Object A Orion Betelguese Bellatrix Orion Nebula Rigel B Taurus AldebaranPleiades C Canis Major Sirius D Canis Minor Procyon E Gemini MerakDubhe F Lepus 15. Identify the constellations, stars and sky objects for the southern sky

17. 16. What names do stars have ? Where do they come from ? * See naming packet Common name : Name given to star sometime in past. This is typically how the star is identified. Example Betelgeuse means “Arm Pit” Aldebaran means “the follower” (it follows the Pleiades) Procyon means “ before the dog” it comes before the dog star – Sirius Bayer Name: Name given to star going from the brightest to the dimmest. Use the Greek alphabet α alpha is the brightest, β Beta is next brightest, γ gamma is next etc….. Then use the Latin Possessive. Example alpha Ursa Minoris ( brightest star in Ursa Major) Polaris, alpha Canis Majoris ( brightest star in Canis Major) Sirius

18. Flamsteed Name: Number the stars from West to east again using the latin possessive Examples 51 Pegasi, and 61 Cygni.51 Pegasi61 Cygni

19. 17. What is apparent magnitude ? What is the apparent magnitude of the Polaris ? How bright a star appears to us. This can be affected by distance. Higher the number the dimmer Lower the number the brighter Polaris is a 2.0

20. 18. What is a photometer ? Instrument used to measure the brightness of a star

21. 19. How much brighter is one star than another on the apparent magnitude scale ? A difference of 5 on the apparent magnitude scale equal 100 x brighter A 1 is 100x brighter than a 6

22. 20. How can you tell where you are on the Earth ? Latitude : Lines that run East and West and measure North and South Longitude: Lines that run North and South measure East to West Chardon is Latitiude 41 N Longitude 81 W

23. 21. Identify the following using terrestrial globe Latitude Lines Measure north and south North Geographic Pole 90 degrees north latitude Equator 0 degrees latitude South Geographic Pole 90 degrees south latitude Longitude Lines (meridians) Measure east and west International Date Line 180 degrees longitude Prime meridian 0 degrees longitude Local Meridian Your longitude

24. 22.Identify the following using the celestial sphere Declination Lines running east to west on the Celestial Sphere. They measure north to south Celestial North Pole 90 N declination Celestial Equator 0 degrees declination Celestial South Pole 90 S declination Right Ascension Lines running North to South on the Celestial Sphere. They measure east to west Autumnal equinox point at which the ecliptic intersects the celestial equator. on or about September 21 Vernal equinox point at which the ecliptic intersects the celestial equator. on or about March 21