1. Dynamics and ET: NCEP reanalyses (Kalnay et al. 1996) Precipitation (gridded-observed): Higgins et al. (1996) Dirmeyer and Tan (2001) P ET (Dirmeyer and Brubaker, 1999) (developed in this study) Backward trajectory analysis (backward in time) Forward trajectory analysis (forward in time) time ( t ) through solutions of eq.s of mass, momentum, and energy (the NCEP reanalyses) Analysis of atmospheric water cycling: Evaporated moisture from Tropical North Atlantic Ocean: Where does it fall? A Sudradjat* 1, K L Brubaker* 2, P A Dirmeyer**

2. Tropical North Atlantic Ocean: Sinks of evaporation DJF JJA MAM Self: 17% Amazon: 16% Self: 21% Amazon: 14% Self: 28% Amazon: 5% Africa: 5% Self: 33% Amazon: 8% SON EQ

3. Tropical North Atlantic Ocean: Sinks of evaporation Niño 3.4 index (Trenberth and Stepaniak, 2001) v. A: Pearson’s R=-0.65 Trend (  =5%): Self: negative (MAM) A: negative (MAMJJA) M: positive (DJF) A M 15-day Sep Aug 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.6