1. MPEG

2. Video Compression
Video compression is based on two principles. The frist is spatial redundancy that exist in each frame and temporal redundancy that a video frame is very similar to its intermediate neighbors.

3. MPEG The Moving Picture Experts Group Standard for video compression
Similarities with JPEG
Video
Spatial redundancy
Intraframe coding
Temporal redundancy
Interframe coding
Perceptual redundancy

4. Fundamentals of MPEG A sequence of 2D images
Temporal correlation as well as spatial correlation
TV broadcast
Frame-based
Field-based

5. MPEG Standards
MPEG-1: Initial video and audio compression standard. Later used as the standard for Video CD, and includes the popular Layer 3 (MP3) audio compression format.
MPEG-2: Transport, video and audio standards for broadcast-quality television. Used for over-the-air digital television ATSC, DVB and ISDB, digital satellite TV services like Dish Network, digital cable television signals, SVCD, and with slight modifications, as the .VOB (Video OBject) files that carry the images on DVDs.
MPEG-3: Originally designed for HDTV, but abandoned when it was realized that MPEG-2 (with extensions) was sufficient for HDTV. (not to be confused with MP3, which is MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3.)
MPEG-4: Expands MPEG-1 to support video/audio "objects", 3D content, low bitrate encoding and support for Digital Rights Management

6. Frame Types in MPEG Intra frames (I-frames)
A I-frame is encoded using only information from within that frame (intra coded) -- no temporal compression (inter coded).
Non-intra frames (P-frames and B-frames)
motion compensated information will be used for coding.
P frame (predicted frame) use preceding frame as reference image
B frame (bidirectional frame) use both preceding frame and following frame as reference images

7. A sequence of one I-frame followed by P- and B-frames is known as a GOP
Group of Pictures
E.g. IBBPBBPBBPBBP

8. I-frames P-frames B-frames Intraframe coded Interframe coded
No motion compensation
P-frames
Interframe coded
Motion compensation
Based on past frames only
B-frames
Based on past and future frames

9. Motion-compensated prediction
Divide current frame, i, into disjoint 16×16 macroblocks
Search a window in previous frame, i-1, for closest match
Calculate the prediction error
For each of the four 8×8 blocks in the macroblock, perform DCT-based coding
Transmit motion vector + entropy coded prediction error (lossy coding)