1. RESISTENCIA POPULAR AYOTZINAPA 43 PRISCILLA FALCON AL FRENTE DE LUCHA (FILE: AYOTZINAPA.PPTX)

2. DEDICATION … to the revolutionary spirit of the students of Ayotzinapa Normal School, Guerrero. ….to students, teachers, workers, progressive peoples from all walks of life around the world who struggle for social justice…..Adelante!

3. NORMAL SCHOOLS - TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES Established by Lazaro Cardenas after the Mexican Revolution of 1910 for Campesinos and Indigenous communities to address issues of poverty and education. Raul Isidro Burgos Normal School is the name of the school attended by the 43 students of Ayotzinapa. Issues which concerned the students included: poverty, land reform, increasing costs to attend school, injustice, and suffering of their families & communities. Today only 17 Normal schools remain…

4. STUDENT ACTIONS: WAYS TO PRESENT THE CAUSE! Historically student in Mexico support their causes through various means including Taking over highway toll-booths (fundraiser) Blocking Roads & seeking donations (fundraiser) Borrowing Buses (travel to protest and rally’s) Fundraising on the metro lines Asking for donations, passing out flyers, etc. Selling pins, or other items Communities are well aware of these practices and contribute to student causes.

5. PEÑA NIETO-POLICIES TO CRIMINALIZE STUDENTS Government policies of increasing costs to enroll in the Normal Schools. Lack of support for the continuation of the Normal School system and decreasing support for education in general. Campesino and Indigenous Families have few resources higher tuition costs mean that poor students would have a difficult time attending. Many in Mexico feel that Peña Nieto’s policies are leading to privatization of education… “the government would like nothing better then to transform Mexico into a sweatshop for foreign investors”….

6. NORMALISTA PREPARE TO SEND DELEGATION - 1968 TLATELOLCO STUDENT MASSACRE ANNIVERSARY Students made agreements with local community of supporters to borrow busses for the mobilization to DF. Normalistas: highly developed social consciousness and create a positive relationship with the community. Community disasters Hurricane Manuel and Ingrid…destroyed homes, flooding & student assist local commun ity Result: community supportive of students “Normal Schools are the birthplaces of social consciousness…here they teach you the humility to talk to people, to work with the people, the poor and the peasants” Castro Fernandez

7. BATTLEFIELD: 7 DECADES OF REPRESSION AND RESISTANCE Seven decades: the Mexican state, the privileged classes, policing agencies have repressed attempts at social reform Response to repression - Popular Resistance! Seven decades: The Mexican state, privileged classes, bourgeoisie and foreign investors have continually exploited the poor and defenseless. Response to repression – Popular Resistance! Seven decades: The Mexican state has chosen the path of state terror and violence against its citizens. The actions of federal, state and local authorities have fractured Mexican society. Today, it is the blood of youth that the Mexican State is willing to sacrifice to maintain power and control!

8. MIGUEL ALEMAN ADOLFO RUIZ CORTINES (1946-1952) REPRESSION (1952-1958) They enforced state policies that repressed independent campesino and labor unions. Repression began to force those seeking social justice outside the structures of the state. Aleman created the Brigadas Blancas (Paramilitary force) brutally crushing campesinos, teachers and oil workers; while he made million in alliance with Conrad Hilton. 1954 Movimiento Revolucionario de Maestros was created to oppose Ruiz Cortines’ policies limiting education.

9. LOPEZ MATEOS (1958-1964) 1959 Lopez Mateos imprisoned Demetrio Vallejo, leader of the railroad union. While in prison an election was held for a new president - Vallejo won 59,759 to 7- he led the union from prison. Lopez Mateos- Banned Primary school teachers from engaging in rally’s & attacked the National Educational Workers Union. He ordered federal troops to Chilpancingo, Guerrero where 2,000 people were demanding an end to corruption, the result was 13 dead, hundreds jailed.

10. RUBEN JARAMILLO RESISTENCIA Ruben Jaramillo-born Talquiltenango, Morelos. Revolutionary: As a youth of 15 he joined Zapata. At the age of 17 he held the rank of Captain in the Revolutionary Army of the South. For many years Jaramillo fought for Campesinos & Land reform. He created the Agrarian Labor Party of Morelos. May 23, 1962 his home was raided by the Federal Police on orders of Lopez Mateos, Mexican soldiers killed him, he pregnant wife and three sons in Xochicalco.

11. ARTURO GAMIZ & PABLO GOMEZ Arturo Gamiz and Pablo Gomez- Chihuahua Gamiz and Gomez led campesinos and teachers in organizations to fight the loss of ejidos. The governor of Chihuahua refuse to negotiate. “ For years we have been asking for justice in a nice way, but you Mr. Governor have always dismissed us with insults; you have taken the side of the landowners and given them rights and privileges. We took up arms to achieve with our hands, the justice which is denied to the poor ” Arturo Gamiz

12. GENARO VASQUEZ ROJAS LUCIO CABANAS FLORENCIO GUERO MEDRANO MEDEROS RESISTENCIA Genaro Vasquez Rojas, born 1933 in San Luis Acatlan, Guerrero He was a schoolteacher, attended the Ayotzinapa Normal School. Defender of the campesinos. Participated with Revolutionary Teachers Movement and the Movimiento de Liberacion National. After he was released from prison he went to the mountains of Guerrero forming the Asociacion Civica Nacional Revolucionaria. ACNR. Feb 2, 1972 Vasquez was captured by the Army. August 1972 assassination of Ricardo Falcon, Orogrande, New Mexico.

13. Lucio Cabanas 1938-1974. Lucio was a school teacher who became a revolutionary. As a radical school teacher Lucio was transferred from Atoyac, Guerrero to Durango, in hopes that he would not continue organizing. The May 18, 1967, massacre at Atoyac was what pushed Lucio Cabanas to become a guerrilla, forming El Partido de los Pobres. The Mexican government sent over 16,000 soldiers to the mountains searching for Cabanas including the 27 th battalion of Acapulco, 48 th battalion of Cruz Grande, 50 th battalion of Atoyac, 32 nd battalion of Chilpancingo and the 19 th battalion of Cuernavaca were all engaged in pursuit of Lucio. Cabanas was killed on Dec 2, 1974.

14. Florencio Güero Medrano Mederos 1946- 1979. Born in Limon Grande, Guerrero. Son of poor campesinos, born into extreme poverty. Taught himself how to read and write. At the age of 23 he visited Maoist China where he studied how class struggle had been applied to a nation of peasants. On his return to Mexico, Medrano taught campesinos the strategy of land invasions and creating colonias on land belonging to industrialists. He had a following of thousands of campesinos. His political formations were Partido Proletario Unido de America and Partido Proletario Unido de Mexico. Medrano advanced the idea that the U.S. southwest is “occupied territory” and that the north and south are one people divided by a militarily imposed border. On March 28, 1979, Medrano was assassinated by General Castillo of Military Zone # 18.

15. SEPT 26 TH AYOTZINAPA 43 WHAT DO WE KNOW? The Normal was given the task of acquiring 15/20 bussee for Ayotzinapa and other rural Normales to travel to Mexico City to commemorate Tlatelolco 1968. Recent reports reveal that student leadership was identified & targeted. The Federal and State police were conducting surveillance on students Comite de Lucha Estudiantil (1 student) Comite de Orientacion Politica y Ideologica COPI (10 students) 3. Before leaving to Iguala the students already had confirmation of 8 busses 4. At 5:59pm on Sept 26 th the Federal/State Center for Control, Command, Communication and Computation confirmed the normalistas had left Ayotzinapa traveling to Iguala. 5. At 8:00pm the Federal and State police arrived at the Autopista Chilpancingo-Iguala exchange where students were collecting money for expenses to DF

16. At 9:40pm the Central Command reported the first shots fired. Students were under attack. State police, Federal police, military, & Iguala Municipal police received the Alert reports through the C4 command center. In the subsequent investigation they refused to give up surveillance footage. The second attack took place on the Periferico de Iguala. Bullets penetrated the busses which were carrying students. Student videos capture the violence, bloodshed and death of companero Aldo Gutierrez. The students were taken to 109 Rayon, Police station in Iguala. At this point the students are turned over to Guerreros Unidos according to the Municipal Police. On Oct 4, 2014 the regime of Pena Nieto took control of the investigation. On Nov 13, 2014 Secretary of Defense, Salvador Cienfuegos confirmed that the military’s 27 th Battalion was in the zone. Investigations confirm that they were kept informed through the C4 Command System.

17. The Attorney General ordered the Federal and State police to submit names of agents, equipment checked out, documentation of agents who entered and left the base of operation from Sept 24th-28th. Federal and State police refused the Order. On Oct 4, 2014 the regime of Pena Nieto took control of the investigation. “The federal police participated in the attack on the students of the Normal de Ayotzinapa on the night of Sept 26 th in which 3 students were killed and 43 disappeared” Dario de Coahuila, Proceso, University of California at Berkeley The Mexican Government must be held accountable for their crimes.

18. WHERE ARE THE STUDENTS? No Es Un Caso Aislado No Fue El Narco Fue El Estado

19. WHAT CAN WE DO?