1. Chapter 13 Sec 3 &4

2.  All long time ago and in this galaxy there were Robber Barons who worked their workers very hard.  They made them work long days in poor conditions and paid them very little.  Anyone who went against them were Destroyed. (fired)

3.  In order to better their positions the workers bonded together and created a Union.  Led by Eugene V. Debs the Workers bonded together to fight For better working conditions.

4.  Business leaders like George Pullman resist the unions and fire union makers.

5.  Unions go on strike (workers stop working) until their demands are met. These strikes would turn into long and sometimes violent battles.

6.  George PullmanEugene V. Debs Inventor/IndustrialistUnion Leader CapitalistSocialist

7.  The United States saw a large number of immigrants move into the county  Millions of people flocked to the cities in hopes of finding factory jobs

8.  Government employees worked 8 hour work days those that worked in private factories usually worked 12 hour days/6 days a week  Many workers were paid depending on how much they produced rather than their time. This system is called piecework  Many worked in sweatshops

9.  Factories wanted to make as much money as possible and used the following techniques to do so:  Division of Labor: Workers make one specific part of a product instead of the entire product  Assembly Lines: System where product is made one part at a time repetitively  Layoffs: Workers that were not essential were let go

10.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rG1JZZ 4UkQ

11.  With small companies workers and management met face to face every day but with large factories management rarely saw the workers and viewed them as interchangeable.

12.  Strict rules with no flexibility. Workers could be fined or fired for: being late, talking or failing to complete a task.  Workers had no say over breaks, hours, pay, assignment  Work environments were often not safe, well lit or clean.  Children made up 5% of the work environment

13.  Workers and poor tired of watching the rich get richer began to support the idea of Socialism.  Socialism is a political system where the public owns everything rather than private companies.  Karl Marx is credited with coming up with the idea of Socialism in his book Communist Manifesto.

14.  One worker held virtually no influence but together there voice had to be heard. When workers united together to form share in one goal it created a Union.

15.  With large number workers could call a strike, where workers stop working and protest to prevent scabs from coming in.  Scab- Worker that comes in to replace a striking worker.  Collective Bargaining- Unions make a deal with companies for everyone as a whole rather than just one individual.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6hqP0c0_gw

16.  Unions fought for: Higher Wages Shorter Work Days Weekends off Safer work conditions Breaks in the workday End of Child Labor & More

17.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmFU9i LAaLU

18.  A National Union that looked to bring together all workers regardless of their skill set.  They recruited women and African Americans that other unions would refuse  Successfully held a strike against the railroads.  Lost popularity when some of their failed strikes turned violent

19.  The AFL was a craft union where only workers in a specific area could join a union.  Did not let women in because they felt they would drive the prices for their workers down.  Supported boycotts where people would not give money to certain companies.

20.  Counter union to the AFL  Allowed everyone that would join in  Was radical with many socialist leaders had many violent strikes

21.  Many companies did not like unions so they..  1. Forbid Union Meetings  2. Fired Union Organizers  3. Forced new employees to sign “yellow dog” contracts that said they would not join a union  4. Refused to bargain collectively  5. Refused to recognize unions

23.  Haymarket Strike of 1886- Over an 8 hour workday turned violent when anarchists who opposed all government joined.  The Police came when scabs tried to get in and caused a commotion. One anarchist threw a bomb into a police formation which lead to the Haymarket Riot.

24.  Homestead Strike- Carnegie was away and Henry Frick tried to lower wages leading to a strike. Frick hired men to break up the union which lead to a shootout.  People sympathized with the union until an anarchist tried to kill Frick.

25.  Pullman Strikes- George Pullman invented the sleeping railroad car. In order to attract labor he created a town just for his workers.  When times got tough he had to layoff workers and cut wages 25%. When workers complained he fired them causing the union to strike.  They turned to union leader Eugene V. Debs and were winning until the government made them stop claiming they were interfering with the mail.