1. Utilitarian Theory of Ethics Utilitarian theory is a consequentialist approach to judging moral behavior. Consequentialist hold that –consequences count –results or outcomes makes the action moral –the ends justifies the means

2. Utilitarian Standard An act is Good if it results in the greatest happiness for the greatest number or if it results in the least unhappiness for the least number. Utilitarianism provides a standard by which we judge which actions are right or wrong, good or bad.

3. Applying the theory Identify the Alternative courses of action Determine the costs and benefits for each stakeholder Select the Best alternative - greatest benefit or least cost Make the best alternative a universal rule or policy.

4. ISSUES How should we define benefits and harm so that they can be measured? Who decides?