2. Reactions of Metals

3. Metal Reactions Metal + acid Metal + oxygen Metal + water

4. Metal + acid  When a metal reacts with acid, the following reaction takes place: metal + acid  metal salt + hydrogen gasacid  A metal salt and hydrogen gas are always produced For example: magnesium + hydrochloric acid  magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas What is the symbol equation for this reaction?

5. Metal + acid  When a metal reacts with acid, the following reaction takes place: metal + acid  metal salt + hydrogen gas  A metal salt and hydrogen gas are always produced For example: magnesium + hydrochloric acid  magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas Mg + HCl  MgCl 2 + H 2MgCl 2 Examples to try Metal + oxygen Metal + water Balancing equations

6. Metal + oxygen  When a metal reacts with oxygen, the following reaction takes place: metal + oxygen  metal oxide  A metal oxide is always produced For example: magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide What is the symbol equation for this reaction?

7. Metal + oxygen  When a metal reacts with oxygen, the following reaction takes place: metal + oxygen  metal oxide  A metal oxide is always produced For example: magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide Mg + O 2  MgOMgO Examples to try Metal + acid Metal + water Balancing equations

8. Metal + water  When a metal reacts with water, the following reaction takes place: metal + water  metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas  A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is always produced For example: calcium + water  calcium hydroxide + hydrogen What is the symbol equation for this reaction?

9. Metal + water  When a metal reacts with water, the following reaction takes place: metal + water  metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas  A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is always produced For example: calcium + water  calcium hydroxide + hydrogen Ca + H 2 O  Ca(OH) 2 + H 2Ca(OH) 2 Examples to try Metal + acid Metal + oxygen Balancing equations

10. Balancing Equations  When you balance an equation, you are making sure that number of each atom = number of that atom on the on left hand side right hand side For example: Mg + HCl  MgCl 2 + H 2 One Mg on left One Mg on right Mg is balanced One H on left 2 H on right Balance the H on left 2 H is balanced Two Cl on leftTwo Cl on right Cl is balanced Final check – OK TRY SOME EXAMPLES FOR YOURSELF….

11. Try balancing these equations… 1. Mg + O 2  MgO 2. Cu(II) + HNO 3  Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + H 2 3. K + H 2 O  KOH + H 2 4. Al + H 2 SO 4  Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + H 2 5. Na + O 2  Na 2 O 1. SOLUTION 2. SOLUTION 3. SOLUTION 4. SOLUTION 5. SOLUTION

12. Mg + O 2  MgO One Mg on leftOne O on right One Mg on right 2 O on left Mg is balanced Balance O on the right 2 Now check the Mg again… One Mg on left2 Mg on right Balance the Mg on the left 2 Final check – OK

13. Cu(II) + HNO 3  Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + H 2 One Cu on right Cu is balanced One Cu on left 2 One H on left2 H on right Balance H on the left H is balanced 2 N on left2 N on right N is balanced 6 O on left6 O on right O is balanced Final check – OK

14. K + H 2 O  KOH + H 2 One K on leftOne K on right K is balanced 2 H on left3 H on right Balance H on left 2 4 H on left3 H on right Balance H on right 2 H is balanced One K on left2 K on right Balance K on left 2 K is balanced 2 O on left 2 O on right O is balanced Final check – OK

15. Al + H 2 SO 4  Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + H 2 One Al on left2 Al on right Balance Al on left 2 Al is balanced 2 H on left2 H on right H is balanced One S on left3 S on right Balance S on left 3 S is balanced 6 H on left2 H on left Balance H on right 3 H is balanced 12 O on left12 O on right O is balanced Final check – OK

16. Na + O 2  Na 2 O One Na on left2 Na on right Balance Na on left 2 Na is balanced 2 O on leftOne O on right Balance O on right 2 O is balanced 2 Na on left4 Na on right Balance Na on left 4 Na is balanced Final check – OK

17. Metal + water examples Which of the following equations are written correctly?? 1. Mg + H 2 O  Mg(OH) 2 + H 2 2. Fe(III) + H 2 O  Fe 2 (OH) 3 + H 2 3. Zn + H 2 O  ZnOH + H 2 4. Na + H 2 O  Na(OH) 3 + H 2 5. K + H 2 O  KOH + H 2 Need to check a table of ions?? TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE

18. Excellent, well done!!

19. Not quite, have another try…

20. Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: 1.copper(II) + oxygen copper(II) + oxygen  2.aluminium + oxygen aluminium + oxygen  3.zinc + oxygen zinc + oxygen  4.sodium + oxygen sodium + oxygen  5.iron(II) + oxygen iron(II) + oxygen 

21. Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: 1.copper(II) + oxygen  Cu + O 2  CuO 2 Cu + O  CuO Cu + O 2  CuO Cu + O 2  Cu 2 O Need to check a table of ions??

22. Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: 2.aluminium + oxygen  Al + O  AlO Al + O 2  AlO 2 Al + O 2  Al 3 O 2 Al + O 2  Al 2 O 3 Need to check a table of ions??

23. Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: 3.zinc + oxygen  Zn + CO 2  ZnCO 2 Zn + O 2  ZnO Zn + O 2  Zn 2 O 3 Zn + O 2  Zn 2 O Need to check a table of ions??

24. Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: 4.sodium + oxygen  Na + O 2  Na 2 O Na + O  NaO Na + O 2  NaOO Na + O 3  NaO 3 Need to check a table of ions??

25. Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: 5.iron(II) + oxygen  Fe + O 2  Fe 2 O 2 Fe + O 2  FeO Fe + O 2  Fe 2 O 3 Fe + O 2  FeO 3 Need to check a table of ions??

26. Correct!!

27. Oops, wrong answer, try again

28. Writing ionic equations  To write an ionic equation, you will need a table of ionstable of ions  You need to balance the charge on the positive (+) ion with the charge on the negative (–) ion For example: magnesium chloride is made up of Mg 2+ ions and Cl - ions Cl - To balance the charges, you need 2 x Cl - ions Cl - Mg 2+ Therefore the equation is Mg Cl Cl Which is written as MgCl 2 Some examples to try….

29. Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 1.magnesium + sufuric acid  2.copper(II) + nitric acid  3.iron (II) + ethanoic acid  4.silver + nitric acid  5.sodium + hydrochloric acid  6.potassium + hydrochloric acid  7.aluminium + sufuric acid  8.aluminium + nitric acid  1. Need help with the products? 2. Need help with the products? 3. Need help with the products? 4. Need help with the products? 5. Need help with the products? 6. Need help with the products? 7. Need help with the products? 8. Need help with the products? Answer

30. Metal + acid examples (1) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 1.magnesium + sufuric acid  magnesium sulfate + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions??

31. Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 1.magnesium + sufuric acid  magnesium sulfate + hydrogen gas Mg + H 2 SO 4  MgSO 4 + H 2

32. Metal + acid examples (2) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 2.copper(II) + nitric acid  copper nitrate + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions??

33. Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 2.copper(II) + nitric acid  copper nitrate + hydrogen gas Cu + HNO 3  Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + H 2

34. Metal + acid examples (3) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 3.iron (II) + ethanoic acid  iron ethanoate + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions??

35. Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 3.iron (II) + ethanoic acid  iron ethanoate + hydrogen gas Fe + CH 3 COOH  Fe(CH 3 COO) 2 + H 2

36. Metal + acid examples (4) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 4.silver + nitric acid  silver nitrate + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions??

37. Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 4.silver + nitric acid  silver nitrate + hydrogen gas Ag + HNO 3  Ag 2 NO 3 + H 2

38. Metal + acid examples (5) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 5.sodium + hydrochloric acid  sodium chloride + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions??

39. Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 5.sodium + hydrochloric acid  sodium chloride + hydrogen gas Na + HCl  NaCl + H 2

40. Metal + acid examples (6) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 6.potassium + hydrochloric acid  potassium chloride + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions??

41. Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 6.potassium + hydrochloric acid  potassium chloride + hydrogen gas K + HCl  KCl + H 2

42. Metal + acid examples (7) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 7.aluminium + sufuric acid  aluminium sulfate + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions??

43. Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 7.aluminium + sufuric acid  aluminium sulfate + hydrogen gas Al + H 2 SO 4  Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + H 2

44. Metal + acid examples (8) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 8.aluminium + nitric acid  aluminium nitrate + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions??

45. Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: 8.aluminium + nitric acid  aluminium nitrate + hydrogen gas Al + HNO 3  Al(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2

46. Ionic equation examples…. Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! 1.magnesium oxidemagnesium oxide 2.copper(II) sulfatecopper(II) sulfate 3.potassium sulfatepotassium sulfate 4.silver nitratesilver nitrate 5.calcium hydroxidecalcium hydroxide 6.aluminium chloridealuminium chloride 7.aluminium nitratealuminium nitrate 8.iron(II) hydrogen carbonateiron(II) hydrogen carbonate Need to check a table of ions??

47. Ionic equation examples (1) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! 1.magnesium oxide Ionic equation is: MgO O 2- Mg 2+

48. Ionic equation examples (1) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! 1.magnesium oxide Ionic equation is: MgO O 2- Mg 2+

49. Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! 2.copper(II) sulfate Ionic equation is: CuSO 4 Ionic equation examples (2) SO 4 2- Cu 2+

50. Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! 3.potassium sulfate Ionic equation is: K 2 SO 4 K+K+ Ionic equation examples (3) K+K+ SO 4 2-

51. Ionic equation examples (4) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! 4.silver nitrate Ionic equation is: AgNO 3 NO 3 - Ag +

52. Ionic equation examples (5) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! 5.calcium hydroxide Ionic equation is: Ca(OH) 2 OH - Ca 2+ OH -

53. Ionic equation examples (5) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! 5.calcium hydroxide Ionic equation is: Ca(OH) 2 OH - Ca 2+ OH -

54. Ionic equation examples (6) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! 6.aluminium chloride Ionic equation is: AlCl 3 Cl - Al 3+ Cl -

55. Ionic equation examples (7) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! Ionic equation is: Al(NO 3 ) 3 7.aluminium nitrate NO 3 - Al 3+ NO 3 -

56. Ionic equation examples (8) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! Ionic equation is: Fe(HCO 3 ) 2 8.iron(II) hydrogen carbonate HCO 3 - Fe 2+ HCO 3 -

57. Table of ions Positive ions Negative ions +1+2+3-2 Na + Mg 2+ Al 3+ Cl - O 2- K+K+ Ca 2+ Fe 3+ OH - SO 4 2- Ag + Zn 2+ NO 3 - Cu 2+ HCO 3 - Sn 2+ (tin) Pb 2+ (lead) Fe 2+

58. Table of ions Positive ions Negative ions +1+2+3-2 Na + Mg 2+ Al 3+ Cl - O 2- K+K+ Ca 2+ Fe 3+ OH - SO 4 2- Ag + Zn 2+ NO 3 - Cu 2+ HCO 3 - Sn 2+ (tin) Pb 2+ (lead) Fe 2+

59. Table of ions Positive ions Negative ions +1+2+3-2 Na + Mg 2+ Al 3+ Cl - O 2- K+K+ Ca 2+ Fe 3+ OH - SO 4 2- Ag + Zn 2+ NO 3 - Cu 2+ HCO 3 - Sn 2+ (tin) Pb 2+ (lead) Fe 2+

60. Table of ions Positive ions Negative ions +1+2+3-2 Na + Mg 2+ Al 3+ Cl - O 2- K+K+ Ca 2+ Fe 3+ OH - SO 4 2- Ag + Zn 2+ NO 3 - Cu 2+ HCO 3 - Sn 2+ (tin) Pb 2+ (lead) Fe 2+

61. Table of ions Positive ions Negative ions +1+2+3-2 Na + Mg 2+ Al 3+ Cl - O 2- K+K+ Ca 2+ Fe 3+ OH - SO 4 2- Ag + Zn 2+ NO 3 - Cu 2+ HCO 3 - Sn 2+ (tin) Pb 2+ (lead) Fe 2+

62. Common Acids  Common Acids that need to be remembered are: hydrochloric acid HCl produces a chloride salt sulfuric acidH 2 SO 4 produces a sulfate salt nitric acidHNO 3 produces a nitrate salt ethanoic acidCH 3 COOH produces an ethanoate salt