2. Invention Museum Fang Jun Sencun Central School

3. Section A

4. Talk about the history of inventions. The passive voice. Language Goals: Grammar Focus:

5. Guessing game A B C

6. It was invented in 1350. It was invented by a German. It is used for telling us the time, And telling us to get up on time.

7. It was invented long time ago. It was invented by a common man. It is used for keeping your hands warm.

8. It was invented by Cai Lun, it’s used for writing and is very important in our study.

9. compass papermaking printing gunpowder

10. It was invented by the old Chinese people.It was the ancestor of calculator. It has two wheels, it makes no air pollution.You can ride it to school. It was used for cooking and heating food ． No fire. You can take pictures with them. Guessing : what is it?

11. microwave oven

12. A: I think the calculator was invented before the computer. B: Well, I think the calculator was invented after the computer. calculator

13. 1a 1 34 25 Answer : the right order they were invented

14. 1b Listen and match the inventions with the dates. a b e d c 1876 1885 1927 1971 1976 d a b e c

15. 1876 1885 1927 1971 1976 When was the car invented? It was invented in 1885. Practice:

16. What are they? shoes with adjustable heels 可调节后跟的鞋 heated ice cream scoop 加热的冰淇淋勺 battery-operated slippers 电池操作的 拖鞋 3 new inventions names battery

17. Listening Listen and number the inventions in the order that you hear. 2a

18. 3 1 2

19. Invention Who was it/were they invented by? What is is/are they used for? shoes with adjustable heels Chelsea Lanmon scooping really cold ice cream battery- operated slippers Jayce Coziar and Jamie Ellsworth seeing in the dark heated ice cream scoop Julie Thompson changing the style of the shoes

20. Listen again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. 2b

21. A: What are those ? B: They are battery– operated slippers. A: ______ are they used for ? What B: They ___ ____ for seeing in the dark. A: That’s cool! ____ were they invented ____? B: Julie Thompson. And look at this heated ____ _____ _______. A: I know what it’s for. It’s used for _________ out really cold ice cream. are used Who by cold ice cream scooping

22. B: Right. It ____ ________ by Chelsea A: My favorite are those shoes with ________ heels. You know – you can move the heels ____and______ updown. They were invented ___ Jayce Coziar and Jamie Ellsworth. wasinvented adjustable by B: And what are they used for? A: Well, you can change the ____ of your shoes. You can ______the shoes go from casual to dressy. Lanmon style make

23. shoes with adjustable heels What are they? Who were they invented by? Jayce Coziar and Jamie Ellsworth changing the style of the shoes. What are they used for? Practice:

24. battery-operated slippers Julie Thompson seeing in the dark What are they? Who were they invented by? What are they used for?

25. heated ice cream scoop Chelsea Lanmon scooping cold ice cream What is it? Who was it invented by? What is it used for?

26. What is/are … used for? It’s/They’re … used for…

27. 用 “invented” 或 “used for” 填空. 1. What are electric slippers _______? 2. Who were shoes with adjustable heels ________ by? 3. When was tea ________? 4. What are microwave ovens _______? 5. When were potato chips ________? used for invented used for invented

28. Who was (telephone) invented by? It was invented by Bell. Henry Ford Edison Bell Ts’ai Lun Wright brothers fisher inventors inventions Papermaking Plane Washing machine Light bulb Car Telephone

29. alarm clock It’s an annoying invention. Because it wakes me up when I’m sleeping. A survey: What do you think is the most helpful/annoying inventions?

30. I think computer is the most helpful invention. Because it helps me search the information that I need.

31. A survey: What do you think is the most helpful/annoying inventions? NameHelpful inventions WhyAnnoying inventions why

32. Grammar focus When was … invented? It was invented in … Who was it invented by? It was invented by… What is it used for? It is used for (doing)…

33. 基本结构 助动词 be+ 及物动词的过去分词 (be+V.P.P) 助动词 be 有人称、数的变化, 其变化 规则与 be 作为连系动词时一样。

34. We speak English. 主语谓语宾语 English is spoken by us. 主语 谓语宾语 主动语态 被动语态 当主语是动作的执行者时， 动词用主动语态（ Active Voice ）； 如果主语是动作的承受者， 动词便用被动语态（ Passive Voice ）。

35. 主变被解题步骤 : 1. 找宾语 ---- 即动作的承受者 They make shoes in that factory. Shoes 2. 判断宾语的单复数 ---- 即 be 动词的单复数. are were 3. 判断动词的时态 ---- 即 be 动词的时态. 4. 修改谓语的时态 ---- 即原句动词改为过去分词 made 5. 修改原句的主语 ---- 即 by+ 主语. by them.

36. Multiple Choice: 1. ( ) If the work ________,you can go and play games. A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is finished 2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made ______ in the classroom. 4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river. A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw 5. ( ) I like my bike. It ________ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden D B B A 3. ( ) Kate _______ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed C

37. 6. ( ) —I won’t come to the party unless Tom ______, too. —You mean if Tom comes,you’ll come. 8. ( ) The children must _______. 9. ( ) The woman still doesn’t know what _______ in her hometown D D B A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 7. ( ) Everyone who heard Mr. Green’s story _____________ it. A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at A A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened while she was away. A. look after B. be taken good care C. look the same D. be taken good care of 10. ( ) — I saw you were on foot this morning. —Yes. My bike ___________. A. is mending B. is being mended C. is mended D. is being mending B

38. More inventions in the future ? Please design an invention with your imagination, work in groups and draw it on a piece of paper,then introduce it in front.

39. music candle activity glasses temperature cup Try to be an inventor!

40. Write a short composition about an invention in our life, using the patterns we learnt today. When was it invented? Who was it invented by? What is it used for? Why is it important? … Homework

42. 一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have to…be done He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。 This book was written in 1969. 这本书是 1969 年写成的。 The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。 He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。 The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。 He said the factory had been opened. 他说这家工厂已经开张。 The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。 The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。

43. 在改写中应注意： 原宾语主语 ; 1. 把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语 ; be + 过去分词 2. 把动词变成 “be + 过去分词 ”; 主语 by 宾语。 3. 主动语态中的主语变为介词 by 的宾语。 典型题例 例 1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.

44. Answer right or wrong 1. 必须照看好孩子们。 The children must be taken good care.( ) The children must be taken good care of.( ) 2. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3. 昨天那支笔是他给我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( ) W R W R W R

45. 4. 这辆自行车能修吗？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( ) 5. 街道已由他们清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( ) W R W R

46. 一些特殊结构的被动结构 : 一些特殊结构的被动结构 : 情况 1. 感觉动词 (hear, see 等 ) 改被动语态 使役动词 (let, make 等 ) 改被动语态 如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接 宾语补足语为不带 “to ” 不定式时，变被动 语态时要加上 “to ” 。如： 典型例题 2 ： I saw him fall off the tree. to →He was seen to fall off the tree.

47. 2 ． He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day. 3. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic. to is made to work to was let to go 口诀，这些动词真奇怪，主动句中 to 离开，被 动句中 to 回 来。（ hear, let ， have, make, see, watch…) 总结：

48. 特别提示： see sb. doing sth. 变成 sb. be seen doing sth. 典型例题： 3.I saw him playing football at that moment. 变被动 He was seen playing football at that moment. 类似的还有： hear / watch /….

49. 情况 2. 带有双宾语（宾语既有人又 有物）的被动结构是 : （ 1 ）将间接宾语 ( 人 ) 变为主语 ，直接宾语 ( 物 ) 不变。 （ 2 ）将直接宾语 ( 物 ) 变为主语 ，一般要在间接宾语前加介词 to 或 for.

50. 典型例题： Bob sent Kate a letter last year. =Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year. =A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year. 类似的还有： tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lend..to

51. 思考：将下列的主动句变为被动语态： 1. We gave him some books. →He. Some books. was given some books (by us) to were given to him (by us) 2.I bought my brother a book. （可变成）

52. 约翰打开了收音机。 John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on. 奶奶照看我姐姐。 Grandma takes care of my sister. My sister is taken care of by Grandma. We must speak to old people politely. Old people must be spoken to politely. 情况 3 ：动词短语变被动时, 千 万不要遗漏介词或副词

53. 动词短语的被动语态 take care of → be taken care of cut down → be cut down laugh at → be laughed at look after → be looked after

54. 情况（ 1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。 如： belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive,,break out, appear, last, start 等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesn’t belong to Mike.

55. 情况（ 2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动 语态 have / fit I have a TV set. The coat fits me well. 情况（ 3 ）祈使句一般没有被动语态。 【正】 Look at the blackboard ， please ． 【误】 The blackboard is looked at by you ．

56. 情况（ 4 ）系动词没有被动态和进行时 态 这鱼味道很好。 这条围巾摸上去很软。 The fish tastes good. The scarf feels soft.

57. 情况 5 ：反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。 例如： 【正】 You must look after yourself ． 【误】 Yourself must be looked after 情况 6 ：某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意 思。 这书很好卖。 这种布很好洗。 The book sells well. This kind of cloth washes very well. 这书卖完了。 The book is sold out.