2. Journey Of Wrench in Aesthetic Form By Duriye Nasuhoglu

3. Innovation Wrench Existed for many centuries Development starts in the 19 th Century. The first patent for a wrench was granted in 1835 to Solymon Merrick

4. What is Wrench? A wrench is a tool - the English call it a spanner – That is usually operated by hand, and is made for tightening or loosening bolts, nuts or anything that needs to turn First sketches of pipe wrench

5. How it came about? The wrench has come a long way from its origins as a super specialized tool, such as the ones used by colonial Americans to tighten wagon wheels, to it's current status as mandatory member in every plumber, mechanic, and home owner's tool box.

6. What spur to revolution? By the industrial revolution, when factories, saw mills, and even locomotives suddenly required more and more wrenches to adjust the thousands of nuts and bolts that held them together. In 1832 the first patented adjustable wrench hit the market to deal with all the variations in size of hand made nuts and bolts. The first successful pipe wrench came along 30 years later in response to the amount of pipes needed in the new steam boat technology. By the end of the 19th century there were almost 5000 patents for different types of wrenches in America, and the good designs stuck.

7. How it came about in music? Tuning The quality of sound became important to generate different pitch of sound Modern congas use a screw-and-lug, tension head system which makes them easier to tune (or detune).

8. Why tuning the congas? Congas, when playing with harmonic instruments, they may be tuned to specific notes. Congas are often tuned using the open tone. In general, the particular note will depend on the make, model, and size of the conga drum. The drum should be tuned so that the bass tone resonates, the open tone rings, and the slap pierces through the musical mix. If the tuning is too loose, the bass and slap tones will sound "flabby"; too tight, and the drums will sound unnatural and "pinched." With a single drum, it is easy to tighten the drum until it makes a pleasing sound and then tighten a little more to reach a uniform desired pitch. Uniform tightness will help "let the drum speak."

9. Wrench Stimulated Aesthetic Forms of Expression In the 1957’s, the new tuning system was widespread and it burst onto Cuba’s music scene, mainly via radio programs heard throughout the country. In 1970’s the new tuning system was showing up in the most diverse groups in internationally. Latin music’s beauty expressed in the highest value. Rumba rhythm produced by animal skin celebrates life through singing, dancing and drumming. It is a "festival of sound and movement" created through the unison of different cultures, traditions and art forms. It is a mirror that reflects the social, political, religious, and economic conditions surrounding those who create, play, and dance rumba. Rumba evolved from many different musical influences, emerging as a mixture of Afro-Cuban traditions and a diverse, rapidly changing, and extremely expressive culture.