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Published byLionel McKinney Modified over 9 years ago
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California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus
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Regional Food Web Typical Coastal North Pacific Ecosystem P. californicus is found from Baja Mexico to the Aleutian Islands
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Randall Davis Marine Mammal Food Resource asnailsodyssey.com Sediment Bioturbation Steve Ringman Commercial and Subsistence Fisheries Ecological and Societal
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Global Fisheries Over 300 Species of Sea Cucumbers are Harvested throughout the Globe Fisheries Regions
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bunnyclark.com Steve Ringman- Seattle Times Fishing Methods Trawl Nets SCUBA Diving
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Regional Distribution Range from the Aleutian Islands, AK to Baja California, Mexico at depths of 30 cm to 106 M Kodiak, Alaska Southeastern Alaska Northern Washington Southern California
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Fisheries Concerns Modified from Anderson et al. 2011 Regional fisheries have peaked and then declined
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Steve Ringman- Seattle Times alibaba.com Sea Cucumber Processing juneauempire.com Unprocessed Animals Cleaning Cleaned Animals
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clocktowertenants.com alibaba.com Commercial Products Dried body wall Frozen muscle bands
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Global Aquaculture Sea cucumber aquaculture has developed globally
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Alaska Aquaculture Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery Seward, AK
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Alaska Aquaculture Aquaculture Development Larvae Tanks Broodstock Tanks Juvenile Setting Tanks Larvae Tanks
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Life Cycle Description Male and Females release gametes directly into the water Fertilized eggs develop into a feeding larvae within 5 days Larvae feed in the water column on algae for 15-100 days Larvae settle out onto the bottom as juveniles Juveniles feed on sediment algae growing ~1mm a month Reproductive at 4 years then spawn annually
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The California Sea Cucumber BASIC ECOLOGY: Several color morphs exist throughout the habitat range from the Aleutian Islands, AK to Baja California, Mexico Found at depths of 1ft (~30cm) to 350 ft (~106) in sandy to rocky habitats Feed on sediment algae
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The California Sea Cucumber BASIC ECOLOGY: Average size of 1ft (~30cm) and 11oz. (~300g) Reproductive at 4 years Unable to age from natural populations Adults move less then 6ft (2M) daily
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Animal Collections George’s Inlet, Ketchikan, AK (55°20'N, 131°28'W)
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Animal Collections Animals are shipped live in sea water filled plastic bags and received within 12 hours of their collections
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Adult Holding Tanks
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aquafauna.com Several Adult Feeds Tetraselmis sp. Thalassiosira sp.
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Feeding Ecology asnailsodyssey.com corbisimages.com
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~15,000 cells/ml (Isochrysis spp.) Heated ~18°C Dilute Sperm Within Tanks Each feed tank was spawned every 48 hours for 4 weeks Procedure Development
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Gonoduct pore naturally removes ~ 100% of fertilization envelopes oceanservice.noaa.gov Animals are not sacrificed for spawning Fertilization rates of 88-98% “Natural Spawning”
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Egg Collection Fertilized Eggs were filtered through a 710µm mesh followed by a 47µm mesh Fertilization occurs within 5 minutes 8 cell cleavage within 10-11 hours 64 cell cleavage within 16-17 hours
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shigen.nig.ac.jp reedmariculture.com algaelink.com Larval Algal Feed Cultures
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Larvae Rearing Larvae were maintained in 190L tanks with flow through sea water Gastrula pre-feeding larvae within 3 days Auricularia feeding larvae within 4 days Auricularia continue to feed and grow
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Juvenile Setting
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~ 20 days post hatching ~ 25 days post hatching ~ 35 days post hatching
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