1. Slide 12-1

2. Slide 12-2 Chapter 12 Investments Financial Accounting, Seventh Edition

3. Slide 12-3 1. 1.Discuss why corporations invest in debt and stock securities. 2. 2.Explain the accounting for debt investments. 3. 3.Explain the accounting for stock investments. 4. 4.Describe the use of consolidated financial statements. 5. 5.Indicate how debt and stock investments are reported in financial statements. 6. 6.Distinguish between short-term and long-term investments. Study Objectives

4. Slide 12-4 Why Corporations Invest Cash management Investment income Strategic reasons Accounting for Debt Investments Accounting for Stock Investments Valuing and Reporting Investments Categories of securities Balance sheet presentation Realized and unrealized gain or loss Classified balance sheet Holdings of less than 20% Holdings between 20% and 50% Holdings of more than 50% Recording acquisition of bonds Recording bond interest Recording sale of bonds InvestmentsInvestments

5. Slide 12-5 Corporations generally invest in debt or stock securities for one of three reasons. Why Corporations Invest SO 1 Discuss why corporations invest in debt and stock securities. 1. Corporation may have excess cash. 2. To generate earnings from investment income. 3. For strategic reasons. Illustration 12-1 Temporary investments and the operating cycle

6. Slide 12-6 Pension funds and banks regularly invest in debt and stock securities to: a.house excess cash until needed. b.generate earnings. c.meet strategic goals. d.avoid a takeover by disgruntled investors. Question Why Corporations Invest SO 1 Discuss why corporations invest in debt and stock securities.

7. Slide 12-7 Accounting for Debt Instruments SO 2 Explain the accounting for debt investments. Recording Acquisition of Bonds Cost includes all expenditures necessary to acquire these investments, such as the price paid plus brokerage fees (commissions), if any. Recording Bond Interest Calculate and record interest revenue based upon the carrying value of the bond times the interest rate times the portion of the year the bond is outstanding.

8. Slide 12-8 Accounting for Debt Instruments SO 2 Explain the accounting for debt investments. Sale of Bonds Credit the investment account for the cost of the bonds and record as a gain or loss any difference between the net proceeds from the sale (sales price less brokerage fees) and the cost of the bonds.

9. Slide 12-9 Illustration: Kuhl Corporation acquires 50 Doan Inc. 8%, 10-year, $1,000 bonds on January 1, 2011, for $54,000, including brokerage fees of $1,000. The entry to record the investment is: Debt investments 54,000 Cash 54,000 Accounting for Debt Instruments SO 2 Explain the accounting for debt investments. Jan. 1

10. Slide 12-10 Illustration: Kuhl Corporation acquires 50 Doan Inc. 8%, 10-year, $1,000 bonds on January 1, 2011, for $54,000, including brokerage fees of $1,000. The bonds pay interest semiannually on July 1 and January 1. The entry for the receipt of interest on July 1 is: Accounting for Debt Instruments SO 2 Explain the accounting for debt investments. Cash 2,000 Interest revenue2,000 * ($50,000 x 8% x ½ = $2,000) * July 1

11. Slide 12-11 Illustration: If Kuhl Corporation’s fiscal year ends on December 31, prepare the entry to accrue interest since July 1. Accounting for Debt Instruments SO 2 Explain the accounting for debt investments. Interest receivable2,000 Interest revenue2,000 Kuhl reports receipt of the interest on January 1 as follows. Cash2,000 Interest receivable2,000 Dec. 31 Jan. 1

12. Slide 12-12 Illustration: Assume that Kuhl corporation receives net proceeds of $58,000 on the sale of the Doan Inc. bonds on January 1, 2011, after receiving the interest due. Prepare the entry to record the sale of the bonds. Accounting for Debt Instruments SO 2 Explain the accounting for debt investments. Cash58,000 Debt investments54,000 Gain on sale of investments4,000 Jan. 1

13. Slide 12-13 An event related to an investment in debt securities that does not require a journal entry is: a.acquisition of the debt investment. b.receipt of interest revenue from the debt investment. c.a change in the name of the firm issuing the debt securities. d.sale of the debt investment. Question Accounting for Debt Instruments SO 2 Explain the accounting for debt investments.

14. Slide 12-14 When bonds are sold, the gain or loss on sale is the difference between the: a.sales price and the cost of the bonds. b.net proceeds and the cost of the bonds. c.sales price and the market value of the bonds. d.net proceeds and the market value of the bonds. Question Accounting for Debt Instruments SO 2 Explain the accounting for debt investments.

15. Slide 12-15 0 --------------20% ------------ 50% -------------- 100% No significant influence usually exists Significant influence usually exists Control usually exists Investment valued using Cost Method Investment valued using Equity Method Investment valued on parent’s books using Cost Method or Equity Method (investment eliminated in Consolidation) Ownership Percentages Accounting for Stock Investments SO 3 Explain the accounting for stock investments. The accounting depends on the extent of the investor’s influence over the operating and financial affairs of the issuing corporation.

16. Slide 12-16 Companies use the cost method. Under the cost method, companies record the investment at cost, and recognize revenue only when cash dividends are received. Cost includes all expenditures necessary to acquire these investments, such as the price paid plus any brokerage fees (commissions). SO 3 Explain the accounting for stock investments. Holdings of Less than 20% Accounting for Stock Investments

17. Slide 12-17 July 1 SO 3 Explain the accounting for stock investments. Holdings of Less than 20% Illustration: On July 1, 2011, Sanchez Corporation acquires 1,000 shares (10% ownership) of Beal Corporation common stock. Sanchez pays $40 per share plus brokerage fees of $500. The entry for the purchase is: Stock investments40,500 Cash40,500

18. Slide 12-18 Dec. 31 SO 3 Explain the accounting for stock investments. Holdings of Less than 20% Illustration: During the time Sanchez owns the stock, it makes entries for any cash dividends received. If Sanchez receives a $2 per share dividend on December 31, the entry is: Cash2,000 Dividend revenue2,000

19. Slide 12-19 Feb. 10 SO 3 Explain the accounting for stock investments. Holdings of Less than 20% Illustration: Assume that Sanchez Corporation receives net proceeds of $39,500 on the sale of its Beal stock on February 10, 2012. Because the stock cost $40,500, Sanchez incurred a loss of $1,000. The entry to record the sale is: Cash39,500 Loss on sale of stock1,000 Stock investments40,500

20. Slide 12-20 Holdings Between 20% and 50% (Equity Method) Record the investment at cost and subsequently adjust the amount each period for  the investor’s proportionate share of the earnings (losses) and  dividends received by the investor. If investor’s share of investee’s losses exceeds the carrying amount of the investment, the investor ordinarily should discontinue applying the equity method. SO 3 Explain the accounting for stock investments. Accounting for Stock Investments

21. Slide 12-21 Under the equity method, the investor records dividends received by crediting: a.Dividend Revenue. b.Investment Income. c.Revenue from Investment. d.Stock Investments. Question Holdings Between 20% and 50% SO 3 Explain the accounting for stock investments.

22. Slide 12-22 Illustration: Illustration: Milar Corporation acquires 30% of the common shares of Beck Company for $120,000 on January 1, 2011. For 2011, Beck reports net income of $100,000 and paid dividends of $40,000. Prepare the entries for these transactions. Stock investments 120,000 Cash 120,000 Cash12,000 Stock investments12,000 Stock investments 30,000 Revenue from investments30,000 Holdings Between 20% and 50% ($40,000 x 30%) ($100,000 x 30%) SO 3 Explain the accounting for stock investments. Jan. 1 Dec. 31

23. Slide 12-23 After Milar posts the transactions for the year, its investment and revenue accounts will show the following. DebitCredit Stock Investments 120,000 30,000 DebitCredit Revenue from Investments Holdings Between 20% and 50% SO 3 Explain the accounting for stock investments. 30,000 12,000 138,000 Illustration: Illustration: Milar Corporation acquires 30% of the common shares of Beck Company for $120,000 on January 1, 2011. For 2011, Beck reports net income of $100,000 and paid dividends of $40,000. Prepare the entries for these transactions.

24. Slide 12-24 Controlling Interest - When one corporation acquires a voting interest of more than 50 percent in another corporation  Investor is referred to as the parent.  Investee is referred to as the subsidiary.  Investment in the subsidiary is reported on the parent’s books as a long-term investment.  Parent generally prepares consolidated financial statements. SO 4 Describe the use of consolidated financial statements. Holdings of More Than 50% Accounting for Stock Investments

25. Slide 12-25

26. Slide 12-26 Valuing and Reporting Investments Categories of Securities Companies classify debt and stock investments into three categories:  Trading securities  Available-for-sale securities  Held-to-maturity securities These guidelines apply to all debt securities and all stock investments in which the holdings are less than 20%. SO 5 Indicate how debt and stock investments are reported in financial statements.

27. Slide 12-27 Valuing and Reporting Investments Trading Securities Companies hold trading securities with the intention of selling them in a short period. Trading means frequent buying and selling. Companies report trading securities at fair value, and report changes from cost as part of net income. SO 5 Indicate how debt and stock investments are reported in financial statements.

28. Slide 12-28 Valuing and Reporting Investments Available-for-Sale Securities Companies hold available-for-sale securities with the intent of selling these investments sometime in the future. These securities can be classified as current assets or as long-term assets, depending on the intent of management. Companies report securities at fair value, and report changes from cost as a component of the stockholders’ equity section. SO 5 Indicate how debt and stock investments are reported in financial statements.

29. Slide 12-29 Marketable securities bought and held primarily for sale in the near term are classified as: a.available-for-sale securities. b.held-to-maturity securities. c.stock securities. d.trading securities Question Valuing and Reporting Investments SO 5 Indicate how debt and stock investments are reported in financial statements.

30. Slide 12-30 Illustration: Investment of Pace classified as trading securities on December 31, 2011. Trading Securities The adjusting entry for Pace Corporation is: SO 5 Indicate how debt and stock investments are reported in financial statements. Dec. 31Market adjustment—trading7,000 Unrealized gain—income7,000 Illustration 12-7

31. Slide 12-31 Problem: How would the entries change if the securities were classified as available-for-sale? The entries would be the same except that the Unrealized Gain or Loss—Equity account is used instead of Unrealized Gain or Loss—Income. The unrealized loss would be deducted from the stockholders’ equity section rather than charged to the income statement. Available-for-Sale Securities SO 5 Indicate how debt and stock investments are reported in financial statements.

32. Slide 12-32 Illustration: Assume that Ingrao Corporation has two securities that it classifies as available-for-sale. The adjusting entry for Ingrao Corporation is: SO 5 Indicate how debt and stock investments are reported in financial statements. Dec. 31Unrealized gain or loss—equity9,537 Market adjustment—available-for-sale9,537 Illustration 12-8 Available-for-Sale Securities

33. Slide 12-33 An unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities is: a.reported under Other Expenses and Losses in the income statement. b.closed-out at the end of the accounting period. c.reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. d.deducted from the cost of the investment. Question Available-for-Sale Securities SO 5 Indicate how debt and stock investments are reported in financial statements.

34. Slide 12-34

35. Slide 12-35 Also called marketable securities, are securities held by a company that are (1)readily marketable and (2)intended to be converted into cash within the next year or operating cycle, whichever is longer. Short-Term Investments SO 6 Distinguish between short-term and long-term investments. Investments that do not meet both criteria are classified as long-term investments. Balance Sheet Presentation Valuing and Reporting Investments

36. Slide 12-36 Nonoperating items related to investments Presentation of Realized and Unrealized Gain or Loss Balance Sheet Presentation SO 6 Distinguish between short-term and long-term investments. Illustration 12-10

37. Slide 12-37 Realized and Unrealized Gain or Loss Balance Sheet Presentation SO 6 Distinguish between short-term and long-term investments. Unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Illustration 12-11

38. Slide 12-38 SO 6 Distinguish between short-term and long-term investments. Classified Balance Sheet (partial) Illustration 12-12

39. Slide 12-39 Identify where each of the following items would be reported in the financial statements. Balance Sheet Presentation SO 6 Distinguish between short-term and long-term investments. Solution on notes page Use the following possible categories: Current assets Current liabilities Investments Long-term liabilities Property, plant, and equipment Stockholders’ equity Intangible assetsOther revenues and gains Other expenses and losses

40. Slide 12-40  Only about 48% of people in their twenties whose employers have a 401(k) plan participate in that plan. [401(k) plans allow you to put part of your pretax salary into investments. The investment and its earnings are not taxed until you withdraw them in retirement.] Many employers automatically enroll employees in 401(k) plans when they hire them.  Only 40% of working couples currently are covered by pension plans, but 61% of workers expect to get income from a company pension plan. A Good Day to Start Starving

41. Slide 12-41  More than half of workers age 55 and older have less than $50,000 in retirement savings.  80% of individuals between the ages of 18 to 26 said that, if given $10,000, they would deposit the money into a traditional bank savings account rather than invest in the stock market. Many stated that they are intimidated by the stock market, and choose to give up the added returns the stock market offers over the long run, rather than face the market.

42. Slide 12-42  The message to start saving early has been presented in many different ways. The chart below presents the facts in very blunt terms. When you are 25 years old, if you start putting $300 per month into an investment earning 8%, by the age of 65 you will have accumulated more than $1 million. But if you wait until age 55, you will accumulate only about $55,000. Notice the sharp drop-off between ages 25 and 35.

43. Slide 12-43 You ’ ve got $3,000 in credit card bills at an 18% interest rate. Your employer has a 401(k) plan in which it will match your contributions, up to 10% of your annual salary. Should you pay off your credit card bills before you start putting money into the 401(k)? YES: Paying off an 18% debt, and thus avoiding 18% interest payments, is essentially equivalent to earning 18% on investments. Reducing your debts reduces your financial vulnerability. NO: You need to get in the savings habit as soon as possible. You should take part of the money you would have used to pay off your debt each month and instead put it into the 401(k).

44. Slide 12-44 Consolidated Balance Sheet Preparing Consolidated Financial Statements  Companies prepare consolidated balance sheets from the individual balance sheets of their affiliated companies.  Transactions between the affiliated companies are eliminated. Appendix

45. Slide 12-45 Consolidated Balance Sheet Preparing Consolidated Financial Statements Illustration: Assume that on January 1, 2011, Powers Construction Company pays $150,000 in cash for 100% of Serto Brick Company’s common stock. Powers Company records the investment at cost, as required by the cost principle. The combined totals do not represent a consolidated balance sheet, because there has been a double counting of assets and owners’ equity in the amount of $150,000.

46. Slide 12-46 Consolidated Balance Sheet Preparing Consolidated Financial Statements Illustration 12A-1

47. Slide 12-47 Use of a Worksheet—Cost Equal to Book Value Preparing Consolidated Financial Statements Illustration 12A-2 SO 7 Describe the content of a worksheet for a consolidated balance sheet.

48. Slide 12-48 Use of a Worksheet—Cost Above Book Value Preparing Consolidated Financial Statements SO 7 Describe the content of a worksheet for a consolidated balance sheet. Illustration: Assume the same data used above, except that Powers Company pays $165,000 in cash for 100% of Serto’s common stock. The excess of cost over book value is $15,000 ($165,000 $150,000).

49. Slide 12-49 Preparing Consolidated Financial Statements Illustration 12A-3 SO 7 Describe the content of a worksheet for a consolidated balance sheet. Use of a Worksheet—Cost Above Book Value

50. Slide 12-50 Content of a Consolidated Balance Sheet Preparing Consolidated Financial Statements SO 8 Explain the form and content of consolidated financial statements. Illustration: The prior worksheet shows an excess of cost over book value of $15,000. In the consolidated balance sheet, Powers first allocates this amount to specific assets, such as inventory and plant equipment, if their fair market values on the acquisition date exceed their book values. Any remainder is considered to be goodwill. For Serto Company, assume that the fair market value of property and equipment is $155,000.Thus, Powers allocates $10,000 of the excess of cost over book value to property and equipment, and the remainder, $5,000, to goodwill.

51. Slide 12-51 Content of a Consolidated Balance Sheet Preparing Consolidated Financial Statements SO 8 Explain the form and content of consolidated financial statements. Illustration 12A-4

52. Slide 12-52 Consolidated Income Statement Preparing Consolidated Financial Statements  Statement shows the results of operations of affiliated companies as though they are one economic unit.  All intercompany revenue and expense transactions must be eliminated.  A worksheet facilitates the preparation of consolidated income statements in the same manner as it does for the balance sheet. Appendix SO 8 Explain the form and content of consolidated financial statements.

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