2. CELLS- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION CELLS COMPARING modeling relating Make up/comprise Cell structure and function Viruses, bacteria, plant and animal cells Cell structure Organelle function & cell function Organisms in a variety of ways

3. History of living cells on earth:

4. What is a cell??? A cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things Some organisms are unicellular (bacteria, protists) Some organisms are multicellular (plants, animals, fungi) Amount of cells in the human body= 100,000,000,000,000 (100 trillion!)

5. Scientist Involved in Cell Theory Hooke-coined the word “cell” von Leeuwenhoek- lens grinder; made microscopes; discovered microscopic organisms in pond water (animacules) Schleiden-botanist (all plants made of cells) Schwann-zoologist (all animals made of cells) Virchow-all cells produce more cells

6. Microscopes Used to View Cells Compound light microscope- magnifies UP TO 1500 X Electron Microscopes- magnify up to 1,000,000 X

7. Cork

8. Images differ Greatly 2-D image of RBCs in blood vessel (Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Image of RBCs from Compound Light Microscope (40x) 3-D image of RBCs (Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

9. Lung Cancer SEM image

10. Deer Tick SEM image

11. Streptococcus Bacillus

12. Types of Cells PROKARYOTES No nucleus, no membrane bound organelles Archaebacteria & Eubacteria EUKARYOTES Nucleus, membrane- bound organelles Protists, fungi, plants, animals Humans have 200 types of cells (60 BILLION)

13. Features Common to Both cell membrane-semi- permeable Ribosomes-sites for protein making DNA Cytoplasm

14. Organelles Cell membrane, nucleus, nucleolus Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lysosome mitochondria Plastids- (CHLOROPLASTS & LEUCOPLASTS) PLANTS ONLY Cell wall- PLANTS (cellulose), FUNGI (chitin), & SOME PROTISTS ONLY CENTRIOLES-ANIMALS ONLY Cilia=hair-like structures; Flagella = tail-like structures : COMMON TO EUKARYOTES

15. A cell’s structure is directly related to its function

16. 1. Nerve cells have long, thin projections that enable them to communicate with other nerve cells. 2. Respiratory tract lining cells have cilia, which have the job of trapping viruses and bacteria. 3. Intestinal lining cells have projections called microvilli, which enable them to absorb the most nutrients possible FOR EXAMPLE:

17. 4. Fallopian tube lining cells: have cilia that beat, moving fluid and causing egg cell to move through tube toward uterus

18. 5. Spermatozoa Sperm cells have a long, thin flagellum, that enables them to move through the mucus and fluid of the female reproductive tract

19. 6. Sickle Cell Anemia: genetic disorder, mutation causes red blood cells to have a different shape- can’t do their job efficiently!

20. VIRUSES CAN BE UP TO 10x SMALLER THAN BACTERIA

22. Leprosy- caused by the mycobacterium leprae

23. SMALL POX

25. 1. Take in nutrients 2. Export wastes 3. Take in gases (oxygen or carbon dioxide) 4. Release gases (oxygen or carbon dioxide) 5. Convert nutrients into energy 6. Hundreds of specialized jobs that keep you alive! WHAT DO CELLS DO?

26. Proposed 200 years AFTER Hooke coined the term cell All living things made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things All cells come from other cells CELL THEORY