2. Going Home Pete Hamill Lesson Two

3. Part One: Warm-up Part Two: Background Information Part Three: Text Appreciation (Key Points) Part Four: Language Study (Difficult Points) Part Five: Resource ExtensionWarm-upBackground InformationText Appreciation (Key Points)Language Study (Difficult Points)Resource Extension Lesson Two BTLEW

4. BTLEW Part One Warm-up I. Warm-up questions

5. BTLEW 1. When you feel frustrated what do you want to do? where do you want to go? 2. Do you think going home is magic? I. Warm-up questions

6. BTLEW 3. What do you think Vingo had done that got him in prison? 4. What kind of person do you think his wife was? Why didn't she write to Vingo? I. Warm-up questions

7. BTLEW I. Author Author II. Florida Florida III. New JerseyNew Jersey IV. New YorkNew York V. GeorgiaGeorgia Part Two Background Information

8. BTLEW Pete Hamill was born in Brooklyn, N. Y. in 1935. He attended Mexico City College in 1956—1957, studying painting and writing. He has been a columnist for the New York Post, the Daily News, and New York Newsday, and has won many journalistic awards. I.Author

9. BTLEW Florida is one of the leading tourist states in the United States. Great stretches of sandy beaches and a warm, sunny climate make Florida a year-round vacationland. Major attractions include Disney World, Miami Beach, the Everglades National Park and the Florida Keys. II. Florida: II. Florida: the "Sunshine State" (FL)

10. BTLEW III. New Jersey : the "Garden State" (NJ) New Jersey is a state of industrial cities and towns, but also of glistening beaches and popular summer resorts. It is one of the great coastal playgrounds of the United States. Atlantic City is one of the most well-known resorts.

11. BTLEW ) IV. New York: the "Empire State" (NY ) The Dutch were the first settlers in New York. After the English took it over in the 1660s, the colony was renamed New York, after the Duke of York. The state includes everything from skyscrapers in Manhattan to rivers, mountains, and lakes in upstate New York. Niagara Falls is one of the chief attractions.

12. BTLEW V.Georgia: the "Empire State of the South " (GA) Georgia, founded in 1732, is one of the original 13 states. It was named in honor of England's King George II. Georgia is the largest state east of the Mississippi; the state's large size and thriving industries have given it one of its nicknames, the Empire State of the South.

13. BTLEW Part Three Text Appreciation I.Text AnalysisText Analysis 1. General AnalysisGeneral Analysis 2. ThemeTheme 3. StructureStructure 4. Further DiscussionFurther Discussion II. Writing Devices Writing Devices 1. Syntactic DevicesSyntactic Devices 2. SimileSimile 3. AlliterationAlliteration 4. SymbolismSymbolism III. Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase

14. BTLEW Main idea: an ex-con on his way home Setting: on a bus from New York to Florida Protagonists: Vingo I.Text Analysis

15. BTLEW Theme 1. The ability to forgive and forget is important in all human relationships. 2. Mutual care and affection among people, esp. among strangers are important, too.

16. BTLEW Part 1 (paras. 1— ) : Part 2 (paras. ) : Part 3 (paras. ) : I.Text Analysis I.Text Analysis Structure of the Text 4 5—95—9 10 — 12 The introduction of the setting and the characters Vingo's story of going home and the young people's interest in it The surprisingly big welcome Vingo received

17. BTLEW I. Text Analysis Mutual care and love strangers: mutual care and synpathy husband and wife: forgiveness and love

18. BTLEW I. Text Analysis I. Text Analysis Character Analysis main character: Vingo, shy,silent, nervous,worried… minor characters: six young people, active, talkative,happy,considerate… hidden character: Vingo's wife, wonderful,kind-hearted,broad-minded…

19. BTLEW I.Text Analysis I.Text Analysis Plot Analysis the beginning: (Paras. 1—4) Vingo was sitting quietly on a bus. His silence and stillness posed a striking contrast to the liveliness and hilarity of the young people behind him. He became the center of our interest. This opening scene creates a mystery about the protagonist, making us look forward to something more.

20. BTLEW I.Text Analysis I.Text Analysis Plot Analysis the middle: (Paras. 5—10) One of the girls tried to draw Vingo out. Vingo began to relate his story. Who he was, where he was going and what this journey was for, all the mysteries about the protagonist were gradually revealed. As the plot evolves it arouses our expectations about what will happen to Vingo. Will he be forgiven or will he go on his journey? We readers are kept in suspense. Our interest is still held by the development of the plot. The exposition of the essential matter is managed by flashbacks (the confession of the protagonist).

21. BTLEW I.Text Analysis I.Text Analysis Plot Analysis the end: (Paras. 11—12) When the bus was approaching the expected great oak tree, Vingo was surprised to see hundreds of yellow ribbons blowing and billowing in the wind. He happily knew he was finally forgiven and welcomed home. The resolution, the outcome of the plot, turns out to be a pleasant surprise. We feel satisfied. The plot ends happily and the intended emotional effects are thus achieved. Finally the mystery is solved and the suspense is removed. We should say the plot is successfully complete.

22. BTLEW I.Text Analysis I.Text Analysis Conflict Analysis Plot usually deals with a conflict. What is the conflict of the story? The conflict lies in the inner struggle of the protagonist. On the one hand, Vingo was anxious to go home, to see the old oak tree. But on the other hand, he was afraid to do so for fear that his wife wouldn't forgive him. That would be too much for him to bear if the case turned out to be so. That's why he was silent, nervous and "chewing the inside of his lip a lot".

23. BTLEW I.Text Analysis I.Text Analysis Conflict Analysis As the plot evolved, the conflict became all the more conspicuous and heart-gripping. The bus was first 20 miles from his home, then 10 miles, and then 5 miles… Vingo "stopped looking, tightening his face into the ex-con's mask, as if fortifying himself against still another disappointment". Vingo tried hard to appear calm, but what was rolling in his heart? Nervousness and uncertainty. He had already prepared himself for a disappointment. But the other six young people were all excitedly involved in it. We readers are also kept in suspense and wondering. Comparison and contrast are used here in portraying this conflict.

24. BTLEW I.Text Analysis I.Text Analysis Conflict Analysis The oak tree was approaching. The bus became quiet. But Vingo's heart was pounding wildly. "To go or to stay" ， this long struggling and torturing question would find its answer now. Suddenly the young people burst into shouting and crying. But Vingo remained unmoved. He sat there stunned, looking at the oak tree covered with hundreds of yellow ribbons through his misty eyes. He felt relieved to know he was finally forgiven by his wife. So do our readers. The conflict ends in a pleasant surprise, bringing an immense emotional impact on us. With the settlement of the conflict, the story comes to its end.. Here comes the climax of the story.

25. BTLEW I.Text Analysis Question: What can we learn from the opening paragraph? The opening paragraph introduce the characters of the story (protagonist: Vingo, minor characters: three boys and three girls); indicate the overall setting of the story (time: spring; place: a bus from New York to Florida); tell the event of the story (Vingo was on the bus going somewhere); set the tone of narration (narrative of third person omniscient).

26. BTLEW I.Text Analysis Question: What can be inferred from the second paragraph? This paragraph devotes much to the description of the protagonist, from his outlook to his disposition, presenting us a sketch of the protagonist's character. Vingo was rough, caring little about details. And he was reserved, keeping to himself. He smoked a lot and retreated into silence often. He was also as mysterious as his masked age. All these create an atmosphere of mystery and present us a man of story.

27. BTLEW How did the young people get to know Vingo? What was Vingo's story? What did Vingo say to his wife in his second letter? How did the young people feel when they heard the story? How did Vingo feel when the bus was approaching Brunswick? I.Text Analysis I.Text Analysis Discussion

28. BTLEW What happened as the bus passed the town? Why do you think Vingo's wife tied so many ribbons on the tree? What was Vingo's response to the sight of the oak tree covered with yellow ribbons? Do you find this a touching story? Why? What would happen after Vingo went home? Now use your imagination and continue the story. I.Text Analysis I.Text Analysis Discussion

29. BTLEW Lesson 2 – Going Home II.Writing Devices II.Writing Devices Syntactic Devices To be continued on the next page. 1. They were dreaming of golden beaches and sea tides… 2. … the young people… waiting for the approach of the great oak tree… 3. … all of the young people… screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances, shaking clenched fists... Question: When it comes to young people, the author tends to use a lot of present participles. What is the intended effect? To indicate the liveliness and hilarity of the young people.

30. BTLEW II.Writing Devices 4. He sat in front of the young people, … dressed in a plain brown suit… 5. His finger were stained from cigarettes… 6. Vingo sat there stunned. Question: When it comes to Vingo, the author tends to use past participles. What is the intended effect?

31. BTLEW II.Writing Devices II.Writing Devices Simile …a tree that stood like a banner of welcome… (Para. 12) Simile: an explicit comparison between two things of different kind or quality, usually introduced by like or as, or other simile markers like "as if, as though, as… as, (just) as… so, similar to, bear a resemblance to", etc. simile

32. BTLEW Lesson 2 – Going Home II.Writing Devices Like March, having come in like a lion, he purposed to go out like a lamb. (C. Bronte, Shirley) Life is poetically compared to the morning dew. Just as fire tests gold, so does adversity test courage. Many retirees are couch potatoes who like popping cold beers and relaxing in front of their $2,500 wide- screen, high definition television set. Its big picture will be as rich and detailed as a 35-millimeter photograph.

33. BTLEW II.Writing Devices II.Writing Devices Alliteration Alliteration: the use of words that begin with the same sound in order to make a special effect alliteration …a tree that stood like a banner of welcome, blowing and billowing in the wind. (Para. 12)

34. BTLEW II.Writing Devices Predictably the winter will be snowy, sleety and slushy. Wild Mushrooms: Mysterious-Menacing-Magnificent. Whereat with blade, with bloody, blameful blade, he bravely broach’d his boiling bloody breast. (A Midsummer’s Night’s Dream)

35. BTLEW II.Writing Devices II.Writing Devices Symbolism Yellow ribbon symbolizes forgiveness and welcome to someone long lost. symbol I told her if she would take me back, she would tie a yellow ribbon to the tree, and I would get off and come home.

36. BTLEW II.Writing Devices Do you know what they symbolize? red rose balance (scale) bat owl pine tree/crane crucifix true love justice vampire (Western), luck (Chinese) wisdom/education (Western) longevity (Chinese) Christianity

37. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 1 He sat in front of the young people, his dusty face masking his age, dressed in a plain brown suit that did not fit him. (Para. 2) He sat in front of the young people. You could hardly tell how old he was because his face was covered with dust. absolute construction, acting as an adverbial of accompanying circumstances go to 2 past participle phrase to tell more about "he"

38. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 2 He sat in complete silence and seemed completely unaware of the existence of the others. (Para. 2) not knowing or realizing that sth. is happening or that sth. exists in+n.: to show a state or condition go to 3 He sat without saying anything as if he did not know there were other people around.

39. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 3 You going that far? (Para. 4) Want some wine? (Para. 4) Are you going as far as Florida? Do you want some wine?/Would you like to have some wine? elliptical sentences, common in conversation go to 4

40. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 4 The girl insisted that he join them. (Para. 5) subjunctive mood, "should" is dropped out After the verbs expressing a command, decision, suggestion, such as decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote, advise, determine, desire, resolve, urge, etc, in that-clause we usu. use subjunctive mood “(should) do sth.”. demand that sth. should happen go to 5

41. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 1.It was recommended that passengers ____ smoke during the flight. a. not b. need not c. could not d. would not (TEM-4, 1994) 2. Mike's uncle insists ____ in this hotel. a. staying not b. that he would not stay c. not to stay d. that he not stay (CET-4, 2001, 1) keys a, d back to 4

42. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 5 I understand if you can't stay married to me. (Para. 7) go to 6 euphemism indirect way to say "divorce" If you want to divorce me, I'll understand—you have every reason to do so.

43. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 6... Soon all of them were caught up in the approach of Brunswick, looking at the pictures Vingo showed them of his wife and three children. (Para. 7) … all the young people became excited and deeply interested in Vingo's story and in what was going to happen at Brunswick as they were looking at the pictures… restrictive clause modifying "pictures" go to 7 became involved in or excited at

44. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 7 Vingo stopped looking, tightening his face into the ex-con's mask, as if fortifying himself against still another disappointment. (Para. 10) Vingo moved his eyes away from the window, and his face again became expressionless as if he was trying to find the courage to face another possible blow, another disappointment in his life. gerund as object go to 8 present participle phrase. Here "he was/were" is omitted after "as if". to show a change in state

45. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 1.He gave out a terrible cry, as if seeing a ghost. 2.Tim spoke very slowly, as if fearing to be heard. 3."It is," he said quietly, as if remembering something he had tried to forget. (Para. 4) back to 7

46. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 8 Then suddenly all of the young people were up out of their seats, screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances, shaking clenched fists in triumph and exaltation. All except Vingo. (Para. 11) great happiness Then all of a sudden, all the young people left their seats and began doing all sorts of things they could think of to express their happiness and excitement. Vingo alone remained still. present participles functioning as accompanying circumstances go to 9

47. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 1.He ran up to her, breathing heavily. 2.The old man was fast asleep, holding a book in his hand. 3.Vingo sat there, looking at the oak tree through his misty eyes. (Para. 12) back to 8

48. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 9 Vingo sat there stunned, looking at the oak tree through his misty eyes. (Para. 12) Vingo sat still; he was utterly surprised, looking at the oak tree through tearful eyes. go to 10 present participle functioning as accompanying circumstances past participle functioning as accompanying circumstances

49. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 1.I made a leisurely round of the town, fascinated by the construction going on everywhere. 2.He went to Beijing in that winter, disguised as a merchant. 3. United as one, they are training hard for next year's world championship. back to 9

50. BTLEW III.Sentence Paraphrase 10 … a tree that stood like a banner of welcome, blowing and billowing in the wind. (Para. 12) … a tree that looked like a banner of welcome, rising and rolling in waves in the wind. alliteration: rising and rolling in waves simile restrictive clause modifying "tree"

51. BTLEW I. Word StudyWord Study II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions III.Word BuildingWord Building IV. GrammarGrammar Part Four Language Study

52. BTLEW I.Word Study Word list: 1.vanishvanish 2.stainstain 3.standstand 4.somethingsomething 5.approachapproach 6. screamscream 7. triumph triumph 8. exaltationexaltation 9. stunstun 10. mistymisty

53. BTLEW I.Word Study 1. vanish v. to disappear suddenly, esp. in a way that cannot easily be explained Examples: I turned around again, the boy had vanished. It is a bad idea to let Tom Cruise vanish for almost an hour in the middle of his picture. Many species in South America have vanished completely.

54. BTLEW I.Word Study vanish from sight vanish into the void vanish into thin air vanish without trace/vanish off the face of the earth 消失不见 化为乌有 从人间蒸发掉 消失得无影无踪 Translation Cf: varnish tarnish furnish

55. BTLEW I.Word Study Cf. varnish, tarnish, furnish varnish: to cover with 给 ······ 涂清漆 He varnished the wooden table. After he fixed the shelf, he varnished the whole to a high shine. tarnish: (esp. of metal surfaces) to lose; cause the loss of brightness （尤指金属表面） 使失去光泽 u The damp atmosphere has tarnished the gilt. His reputation is tarnished.

56. BTLEW I.Word Study furnish: to supply or provide; put furniture in The records furnished the information required. The president’s office is tastefully furnished with modern furniture.

57. BTLEW I.Word Study 2. stain v. a. to accidentally make a mark on sth. esp. one that cannot be removed b. to change the color of sth., especially sth. made of wood, by using a special liquid (Syn. dye) Examples: This tablecloth stains very easily. Her fingers were stained yellow from years of smoking. Stain the table before you varnish it. Collocations

58. BTLEW I.Word Study stain sb.’s name/reputation/honor stain with leave a stain blood/ink/wine stain a stain on sb.’s character/reputation remove/get rid of a stain stubborn stains Examples

59. BTLEW I.Word Study A sudden gust of rain dashed against the red bricks that were already stained in patches by water. Her fingers were stained with dirt, her nail varnish chipped. How do you get wine stains out of a tablecloth? There was a dark red stain on the carpet. Water is a miraculous substance remover; it will remove probably 85 percent of all stains.

60. BTLEW I.Word Study 3. stand v. a. to bear, tolerate b. to be or stay in a particular state or condition c. to be proved to be true, correct, useful, etc. when tested Classify the following words into 3 groups according to a, b and c.  can't stand the heat  (room)stand idle  stand wear and tear  (door)stand open  stand up under close scrutiny  stand up well to cross-checking a ab c Collocations b c

61. BTLEW I.Word Study can't stand (sb./sth.) doing sth. can't stand to do sth. can't stand the sight/thought, etc. of Examples

62. BTLEW I.Word Study I can't stand people smoking around me when I'm eating. She can't stand to hear her parents arguing about her personal affairs. I know he can't stand the sight of me. She couldn't stand the thought of losing her children.

63. BTLEW I.Word Study a music stand a fruit stand a stand for taxi make one’s stand clear come to a stand international stand standing committee/army standing joke ／ jest take/make/mount a stand against sth. 乐谱架 水果摊 出租汽车停车处 表明立场 陷于停顿 国际地位 常务委员会／常备军 老笑话 反抗，抵抗 Translation

64. BTLEW I.Word Study 4. something n. a thing or a person of some value or importance Examples: He considers himself to be something, but actually he is nothing. She thinks she’s something since she won the beauty contest. Collocations

65. BTLEW I.Word Study make something of yourself be (really/quite) something there's something in/to something Examples (= to become successful ) (= spoken used to say that something is very good and impressive) (= used to admit that someone's words are true or their ideas are successful, etc.)

66. BTLEW I.Word Study He looked like a man who might be able to make something of himself if a good woman took him in hand. Running your own company at 21 is really something. They had to concede that there was something in his teaching methods.

67. BTLEW I.Word Study v. to move towards or nearer to someone or something Examples: I heard footsteps approaching. Everyone prepared celebrations as the year 2000 approached. As I approached the forest, a hare ran out of the trees. 5. approach Word formations approachable ( a.) approachless approachability ( n.)

68. BTLEW I.Word Study He is hard to approach. His best approach to the great man lay through a mutual friend. Researchers are looking for new ways to approach the problem. 他很难接近。 对他说来，要接近那位伟人，最好的办法是通过一个双方都认 识的朋友。 研究人员正在寻找新的处理这个问题的方法。 Translation

69. BTLEW I.Word Study 6. scream v. a. to give a loud, sharp cry or cries as of fear or pain b. to cry sth. in a loud shrill voice Examples: As a child, I used to wake up screaming with terror in the middle of the night. Adam screamed, loud and violent, in his attempt to absorb the pain. She screamed out that there was a burglar under the bed. Collocations let out a scream a scream of laughter/terror Synonyms shriek yell

70. BTLEW triumphant( a. ) Word formation I.Word Study n. a. [C] an important victory or success after a difficult struggle b. [U] a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get from victory or success Examples: Winning the scholarship is a great personal triumph. The Government Commission was established here in triumph, and sank here into obscurity. A fine sweat was beading his forehead but there was a grin of triumph on his face. 7. triumph

71. BTLEW I.Word Study 8. exaltation n. a very strong feeling of happiness Examples: My depression had lifted and my mood had changed to exaltation. Teammates who were strangers before the party are instantly bonded, and victory is celebrated with fists-in-the-air exaltation. Word formations exalt ( v.) exalted ( a.)

72. BTLEW I.Word Study 9. stun v. to surprise or upset someone so much that they do not react immediately Examples: His words stunned her, and she stared at him in disbelief. Sara was too stunned by what had happened to say a word. Suminski in love: the idea stuns her.

73. BTLEW I.Word Study 10. misty a. a. (eyes) full of tears, esp. because you are remembering a time in the past b. not clear or bright c. (weather) with a lot of mist Examples: Toward evening, the weather turned and, as they approached the dock, the sky was gray and misty. He paused, his eyes growing misty. Without my glasses everything is just a misty blur. Synonyms foggy hazy

74. BTLEW List: 1.dream ofdream of 2.pass throughpass through 3.pull intopull into 4.wonder aboutwonder about 5.engage sb. inengage sb. in 6.retreat intoretreat into 7. forget aboutforget about 8. come throughcome through 9. be caught up inbe caught up in 10. fortify oneself againstfortify oneself against 11. make one’s way tomake one’s way to II.Phrases and Expressions

75. BTLEW to imagine and think about sth. that you would like to happen Examples: The girl dreamed of becoming a movie star. Some thought it was the breakthrough scientists had dreamed of. He's got the sort of money that you and I can only dream about. 1. dream of/about II.Phrases and Expressions

76. BTLEW to go through a town, etc., perhaps stopping there for a short time, but not staying Examples: As they passed through the flooded areas, they felt bad. We passed through the gates into a courtyard behind. We were just passing through (= travelling through a place) and thought we'd drop in to see you. 2. pass through II.Phrases and Expressions Cf: pass (a place)

77. BTLEW II. Phrases and Expressions pass (a place) to go past a place without entering Examples: On her way to work she passed a supermarket. We passed a group of students outside the theatre. I pass the sports centre on the way to work.

78. BTLEW (of a vehicle) to arrive at (a station); move in towards Examples: They will pull into the station at 7 sharp. The train pulled into the station on the stroke of 12. Let’s pull into the parking lot and have a rest. 3. pull into II.Phrases and Expressions Opposite pull out

79. BTLEW II.Phrases and Expressions pull out if a train pulls out, it leaves a station Examples: The three-thirty is pulling out of platform four. We got there just as the train was pulling out.

80. BTLEW II.Phrases and Expressions 4. wonder about/at to feel curious about; be doubtful about Examples: John says he didn’t do it, but I am still wondering about that. Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour. He wondered at her ability never to reveal the slightest disquiet in front of her husband.

81. BTLEW to make sb. take part in sth. Examples: She tried to engage her roommate in a philosophical discussion. They spoke little about life outside the organization despite my efforts to engage them in conversation about it. They engaged him in a new project. 5. engage sb. in II.Phrases and Expressions

82. BTLEW to yield; move back to Examples: The soldiers were ordered to retreat to safer positions. At last we forced the enemy to retreat into the mountains from the town. More and more she retreated into books. 6. retreat into/to II.Phrases and Expressions Collocations

83. BTLEW Cf. retreat into oneself retreat into one’s shell retreat into fantasy II.Phrases and Expressions 不与人交往 ，离群索居 变得缄默，不愿与人接触 退避到梦幻世界 Translation

84. BTLEW a. to lose remembrance of; fail to keep in memory; fail to recall b. to stop thinking or worrying about someone or something c. not to care about or give attention to someone or something any longer Examples: She forgot all about their anniversary. Once they have money, some people forget about all their old friends. I'd completely forgotten about our bet until Bill reminded me. 7. forget about II.Phrases and Expressions

85. BTLEW to arrive as expected Examples: Has the train come through? We're still waiting for our exam results to come through. There is news just coming through of an explosion in a chemical factory. 8. come through II.Phrases and Expressions “come” phrases

86. BTLEW II.Phrases and Expressions Cf. come about come across come down with come off come out come through come up with come up to Cf. 发生，产生 偶然遇见，碰上 得，染上（病） 发生，举行；结果；成功 （书等）出版，发行 胜利，成功；经历 ······ 仍活着 提出，想出 等于，比得上，达到（标准等）

87. BTLEW to be completely absorbed in or get involved in Examples: I was caught up in conversation with a friend when someone knocked at the door. I am painfully aware of how we get caught up in our times and become contaminated by our own hypocrisy. I didn't want to get caught up in endless petty arguments. 9. be/get caught up in II.Phrases and Expressions “catch” phrases

88. BTLEW II. Phrases and Expressions Cf. catch at catch on catch up catch out catch up with catch up on Cf. 拼命抓住 懂得，理解；流行起来 把 ······ 缠住，把 ······ 卷入 发觉（某人）有错误（或做坏事） 赶上，追上 赶完，弥补（耽误的工作等）； （事后）得到关于 ······ 的消息

89. BTLEW Lesson 2 – Going Home II. Phrases and Expressions II. Phrases and Expressions 10. fortify oneself against to strengthen (sth. or oneself) so as to be able to deal with (i.e. an attack) Examples: Have some hot ginger soup to fortify yourself against cold. He fortified himself against the cold with a heavy coat.

90. BTLEW II. Phrases and Expressions 11. make one’s way to to go forward with difficulty Examples: They made their way through the crowd. I made my way to the center of the town. The two women made their way into the woods. “way” phrases

91. BTLEW II. Phrases and Expressions 1) give way 2) go out of one’s way 3) have a way with 4) learn sth. the hard way 5) the other way about/round 6) by way of 1) 让路，让位，让步 2) 特地，不怕麻烦地 3) 善于处理，有能力对付 4) 经过艰难困苦后学会 ······ 5) 相反地，倒过来 6) 经由，取道 Translation Thinking ….

92. BTLEW III.Word Building List: 1.Prefix – exPrefix – ex 2.Root – altRoot – alt 3.Suffix – enSuffix – en

93. BTLEW III. Word Building Prefix----ex- a. former b. out of c. to make… to do…  ex-con  ex-wife/husband  exalt  export  expel  excavate  expurgate  ex- mayor/president  extract aa a c b c b b b Classify the following words into 3 groups according to a, b and c.

94. BTLEW III.Word Building exalt prefix root ex-to make…, to do… alt-high altitude alto exalt exaltation altar altimeter altimetry altocumulus altostratus 高，高度 （音乐）男生最高音 提高，举高，提升 升高，提高，晋升 ［一块高地］祭坛 测高计，高度表 测高法 高积云 高层云

95. BTLEW (adj.+-en= v. ) to make, cause to be (n.+-en= adj. ) made of (n.+-en=v.) to fill with Examples: to tighten (= make or cause to be tight) to sharpen (= make or cause to be sharp) golden (= made of gold) woolen (= made of wool) to strengthen (= fill with strength) Suffix-- -en III.Word Building

96. BTLEW IV.Grammar I. Observe the following sentences, studying the preposition “in” in each sentence. Vingo nodded in sleep. He sat in complete silence. … all of the young people were up out of their seat, … shaking clenched fists in triumph and exaltation. … but then some boys began to glance at me in curiosity. (Lesson 1) Good God! I was in a daze. (Lesson 1) The preposition “in” is often used to show a state or condition.

97. BTLEW He sat in front of the young people, his dusty face masking his age… a present participle clause with its subject II. What is the grammatical structure here? IV.Grammar absolute construction

98. BTLEW IV. Grammar What is absolute construction? More examples It is essentially a non-finite or verbless clause with an expressed subject of its own. It is commonly used in written English.

99. BTLEW Weather permitting, the cricket match will take place on Wednesday. IV.Grammar Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. n.+ed participl e A number of official followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle. n. +ing participl e pron.+infinitives Types of absolution construction with a form of verb element

100. BTLEW PartFive Resource Extension I. Quiz Quiz II. Writing Writing

101. BTLEW I.Quiz 1 List: 1. Quiz 1Quiz 1 2. Quiz 2Quiz 2 3. Quiz 3Quiz 3

102. BTLEW I.Quiz 1 pass awayGRAVE YARD substandard housingPOOR financially disadvantagedDEATH solid-waste ecologistFUNERAL in the family waySLUM memorial serviceGARBAGE COLLECTOR memory gardenPREGNANT Do you know what these euphemistic expressions refer to? Do the match work.

103. BTLEW I.Quiz 2 1. All plan __ because of the accident, they had to quit. a. having canceled b. were canceled c. having been canceled d. have been canceled 2. Many ___ drivers have made numbers of traffic accidents since last year. a. drankb. drunken c. drunkd. drink c b

104. BTLEW I.Quiz 2 3. The special train ___ at 9 sharp. a. pulled intob. pulled round c. pulled upd. pulled on 4. Written in great haste, ____. a. he made a lot of mistakes in the report b. there are plenty of errors in the report c. we found several mistakes in his letter d. the book is full of errors a d

105. BTLEW I.Quiz 2 5. fire tests gold, so does adversity test courage. a. Like b. Alike c. As d. Comparing 6. The man’s expression dog staring at a stranger. a. looked like b. looked as a c. liked d. was like that of a c d

106. BTLEW I.Quiz 2 7. Water is to fish ____ atmosphere is to men. a. that b. so c. whatd. so does 8. It was a cold winter and the wind ____ through the tiny crack in the window. a. billowedb. bellowed c. screamed d. whistled c d

107. BTLEW I.Quiz 2 9. If you put too many potatoes in the bag, it will ____. a. separate b. crack c. burstd. collapse 10. I’d like to book a room with a(n) ____of the sea. a. view b. sight c. outlookd. scenery c a

108. BTLEW 11. With a wave of his band, the magician made the duck ____. a. scatterb. vanish c. abandon d. fly away 12. The article suggests that when a person ___ under unusual stress he should be especially careful to have a well-balanced diet. a. is b. were c. bed. was I.Quiz 2 b a

109. BTLEW I.Quiz 2 13. The housemaster requested that we ____ television on week nights. a. not watchb. must not to watch c. not be watchingd. have not watched 14. I only know the man by ___ but I have never spoken to him. a. chanceb. heart c. sightd. experience a c

110. BTLEW I.Quiz 2 15. The car was in good working when I bought it a few months ago. a. order b. form c. state d. circumstance 16. The of our trip to London was the visit to Buckingham Palace. a. summit b. height c. peak d. highlight a

111. BTLEW I.Quiz 2 17. Niagara Falls are a great tourist ____, drawing millions of visitors every year. a. attention b. attraction c. appointment d. arrangement 18. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have ___ one this month. a. another b. more c. the other d. other b a

112. BTLEW I.Quiz 2 19. Helen apologized for ____ the party. a. her not being able to attend b. her being not able to attend c. her being able to attend d. not her being able to attend 20. Tony has not the least ___ of giving up his research work. a. intention b. interest c. wish d. desire a

113. BTLEW 1. We should save time and cut unnecessary________. (argue) 2. I felt very _______after a match. (thirst) 3. The ____________ rate is on the rise due to the economic recession. (employ) 4. We will postpone your _____________ till next Monday. (appoint) 5. He felt himself quite __________ of her, because she was more excellent than him. (worth) 6. Damp clothes are __________. (health) I.Quiz 3 argument thirsty unemployment appointment unworthy unhealthy Fill out the blanks with the proper form of the given words.

114. BTLEWII.Writing On Forgiveness 1. What is forgiveness? 2. How important is it in our life? 3. How could we learn to forgive?