2. It’s a HUGE continent!

3. Regions of Africa What do you already know about Africa that would affect the cultures of the different regions? (colonization, slave trade, economic trade, religion, etc.) How has Africa influenced its neighbors?

5. Djembe  a rope-tuned skin-covered goblet drum played with bare hands, originally from West Africa.  Membranophone  Traditionally only played by men.  The wikipedia page for djembe has tons of great information.wikipedia

6. Djembe Sound Examples  ASU Island Stomp – Rhythmic Variations ASU Island Stomp  Kuku – Djembe and Dundun Kuku  Kuku DanceDance  Yankadi and Macru Yankadi and Macru  Yankadi RhythmsRhythms

7. Dundun Family  Used to accompany the Djembe in West African Music. Double sided membranophone. Comes in three sizes and is played using sticks. Often a bell (piece of metal) is connected to the instrument and played along with the drum utilizing polyrhythms.

8. Sabar  Senegalese drum originally used for communication with other villages. One sided membranophone. Played using one hand and a stick.  Sabar Dancing Sabar Dancing  Sabar Drumming Sabar Drumming  Sabar Concerto – Mark Sunkett Sabar Concerto

9. Talking Drum (Dundun, Tama, etc.)  This drum goes by many names, but in English is known as a talking drum.  It is played by using a stick and hand to create sound, and an arm squeezes the cords on the sides of the instrument to change pitch.  In an ensemble, the drums will be tuned to different pitches.  Example of the Talking Drum.Talking Drum  Ensemble Ensemble

10. Mbira – Thumb Piano  This instrument goes by many names, however mbira (mmm beerah) is the most commonly used. It is also called ilimba or kilimba.  Comes from the Shona people in Zimbabwe and is played in Southern and Eastern Africa.  The resonator around the instrument is called deze.  A rattling sound is well-liked for this instrument so you can often find bottle caps nailed to the instrument or deze to create this effect.  Part of the lamellophone family.  Example of mbira music.mbira

11. Kora  Stringed instrument from West Africa.  A harp built from a large calabash cut in half and covered with cow skin to make a resonator with a long hardwood neck. The player uses only the thumb and index finger of both hands to pluck the strings in polyrhythmic patterns (using the remaining fingers to secure the instrument by holding the hand posts on either side of the strings).

12. Kora Examples  Kora VideoVideo  Wikipedia Wikipedia  Kora Video – close-up of technique.Video  Kora EnsembleEnsemble

13. Zeze  Bowed or plucked string instrument from sub- saharan Africa.  Zeze with ensembleensemble  Zeze fiddlefiddle

14. Balafon  The precursor to the marimba.  Idiophone  Wooden bars of various lengths produce different pitches. Gourds are used as resonators.  Balafon exampleexample  Balafon in an ensembleensemble

15. Other Instruments  Shekere Shekere  Caxixi Caxixi  Udu Udu

17. What do we now know?

19. Vocab Words VocabularyDefinition Hocketdividing a melody between two parts, notes in one part coinciding with rests in the other. Oral Traditioncultural material and tradition transmitted orally from one generation to another. Cross-Rhythmthe effect produced when two conflicting rhythms are heard together. Polyrhythmwhen two or more rhythms with different pulses are heard together, eg where one drum is playing in triple time and another is playing in quadruple time, three against four.

20. Music Listening 1Listening  Strophic Form  Acoustic Guitar – Finger style  Bass line – ostinato – QQQQ

21. Music Listening 2Listening  Zeze  Membraphones  Electronic – possible E. Drum – ostinato  E. Bass  Male Voice – Call and Response

22. Music Listening 3Listening  E. Bass, E. Guitar – high register, Drum Set  African language  Strophic

23. Music Listening 4Listening

24. Music Listening 5Listening

25. Simba Pori  Tanzanian band based in Moshi, Kilimanjaro. What about this music makes it African? Do you hear other cultural references?  One Race One Race  Freedom Freedom

27. Miriam Makeba South Africa Malaika Pata Malaika Lyrics: Malaika, nakupenda Malaika Angel, I love you, Angel

28. Youssou N’Dour Senegal Youssou N’Dour is not only an influential musician, but also a social activist. He started the "Set-Setaal" (be clean) movement. Without any help of the government, they cleaned up the ghettos, improved water supply, sanitation and the housing situation. Birima 7 Seconds

29. Fela Kuti Nigeria Water No Get Enemy Zombie Multi-instrumentalist, musician, composer, pioneer of the Afrobeat music genre, human rights activist, and political maverick.

30. Angelique Kidjo Benin Agolo Summertime

31. P-Square Nigeria Chop My Money Personally

32. Paul Simon, South Africa, and the cultural boycott during Apartheid. Link Graceland You Can Call Me Al Diamond on the Soles of Her Shoes Apartheid - a former social system in South Africa in which black people and people from other racial groups did not have the same political and economic rights as white people and were forced to live separately from white people

33. Graceland Album ProsCons

34. End of Unit – What do we know?