1. Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident April 1986 https://publicintelligence.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/chernobyl.jpg

2. By the time the Soviet Union fell apart in 1991, they had 17 nuclear power plants, with more being built. These plants provided 12.7% of all the electricity used in the Soviet Union.

3. Why did they build so many? And why did they build most of them close to large populations? Map source: http://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/files/display/390/fullsizehttp://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/files/display/390/fullsize Power plant sites source: "Nuclear Power Plants." The Radiation Legacy of the Soviet Nuclear Complex: An Analytical Overview. Ed. Egorov Nikolaĭ. 1st ed. Routledge, 2000. 52-53.

4. The Soviets had lots of coal, but most was east of the Ural Mountains, far from Adapted from a map at https://www.marxists.org/glossary/media/places/u/ussr/1982/coal-minerals.jpghttps://www.marxists.org/glossary/media/places/u/ussr/1982/coal-minerals.jpg most workers AND far from most energy customers. Sending coal back east was expensive. http://www.clker.com/cliparts/l/R/d/8/S/x/coal-md.png

5. The Soviets also had lots of petroleum, and natural gas. But most of that was also east of the Urals. And Adapted from a map at https://www.marxists.org/glossary/media/places/u/ussr/1982/coal-minerals.jpghttps://www.marxists.org/glossary/media/places/u/ussr/1982/coal-minerals.jpg much of it was also very far north - in taiga and tundra – so oil/gas wells would be very expensive to drill and to maintain there. http://www.fe.doe.gov/images/education/oilwell.gif

6. So here’s their problem: They have LOTS of energy resources, but getting to them – and then sending them to the population centers – was HARD and EXPENSIVE! http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Chuo_Main_Line_Freight_Yatsugatake.jpghttp://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01857/tundra0_1857856b.jpg

7. In the 1950s, the Soviets began building nuclear power plants. They used graphite cooling system instead of the water cooling system used in the the U.S. and other countries. This was cheaper for the Soviets, but also less safe.

8. The day before the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, plant operators were getting ready to shut down reactor number 4. The plan was to do routine work on the reactor, then start it up again. http://thevelvetrocket.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/chernobyl-before-the-disaster.jpg Chernobyl NPP, before the accident

9. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--964lQ2TWXY/UIWxlXnN0XI/AAAAAAAAA4s/qKQDv9mVTLo/s400/Chernobyl.jpg The senior operator was supposed to be on duty, but had left. Less experienced workers were left in charge. They broke safety rules when they also shut down the automatic safety system -

10. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--964lQ2TWXY/UIWxlXnN0XI/AAAAAAAAA4s/qKQDv9mVTLo/s400/Chernobyl.jpg - the system that was supposed to protect everyone from a nuclear accident. http://mrwgifs.com/spongebob-is-terrified-under-his-bed-covers/

11. At 1:23 a.m. on April 26, two explosions went off seconds apart in reactor number 4. This blew the roof off the reactor building, sending burning material through the air and starting several fires. Chernobyl NPP Reactor 4 explosion, computer generated image http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/zLa84BN4REs/maxresdefault.jpg

12. The firefighters who arrived first had no idea the fire was from the reactor core. They didn’t know their bodies were taking on high levels of radiation. http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01371/monument_1371629i.jpg

13. Twenty-eight emergency workers died within a month of the explosion from severe radiation poisoning. http://totallycoolpix.com/2011/04/chernobyl-25-years-later-then-and-now/

14. Chernobyl NPP, three days after the accident http://imgarcade.com/1/chernobyl-before-explosion/ The Soviet Union did not admit to the world what had happened.

15. Scientists in Sweden figured it out 2 days later when Chernobyl’s radiation set off alarms 620 miles away in a Swedish nuclear power plant. http://one-europe.info/user/files/Briefs/chernobyl_001.png

16. Today, about 1000 square miles around Chernobyl is mostly off-limits to people. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-b3ylb7WqRA0/Te8TSnDcxjI/AAAAAAAAHzg/OHo08FcEh4Y/s1600/chernobyl-exclusion-zone-map.jpg http://www.lovethesepics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/The-sign-at-the-edge-of-the- exclusion-zone-Chernobyl-October-2012.jpg

17. A few elderly people were allowed to return there. Scientists and government workers also go in to monitor and to do research. http://www.un.org/News/dh/photos/large/2015/March/03-19-2015Ukraine_Aid.jpg

18. But for the most part, the zone is full of http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media- content/photos/000/838/cache/83804_990x742-cb1410904296.jpg and overgrown streets. abandoned houses,empty buildings, http://i1.wp.com/alexkane.co.uk/wp- content/uploads/2013/09/DSC06789.jpg?resize=600%2C400 http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/07/23/article-2177704-142ED1B1000005DC-533_964x628.jpg

19. Vehicles used in the cleanup were contaminated and left behind in the Exclusion Zone. There are at least three “vehicle graveyards” in the Exclusion Zone. http://www.panoramio.com/photo_explorer#view=photo&position=7&with_photo_id=14282922&order=date_desc&user=944583 http://tylyenglish7.wikispaces.com/The+Chernobyl+disaster

20. abandoned control room of reactor #4 http://www.lovethesepics.com/2013/03/chernobyl-exclusion-zone-adrenaline-radiation-urbex-a-good-day-to-die-hard/

21. Because there is concern that the concrete cover on reactor #4 is leaking, a larger seal, expected to last 100 years, is being built. http://antinuclearinfo.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/diagram-chernobyl-sarcophag.gif drawing of what it will look like when finished

22. Since the danger from Chernobyl can affect many the world, many countries are helping pay for and build it. http://rt.com/files/news/chernobyl-new-safe-confinement-773/first-section-structure-exploded.jpg

23. When finished, it will be slid over reactor #4 on rails. Then it will be secured into position. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQHdL_NyDlYcpjHh7RXpdv7JJ5mnRoKY5RADoidFLIaHkqwIkeOLQ

24. http://www.livescience.com/13858-chernobyl-nuclear-disaster-25-years.html Chernobyl is a good example of how one country’s nuclear disaster can impact people in many countries.