1. The Time Has Come to Analyze DNA Profile Databases Forensic Bioinformatics (www.bioforensics.com) Dan E. Krane, Ph.D., Wright State University, Dayton, OH

2. National DNA Index System (NDIS) Established in 1994, controlled by the FBI. Explicit expectation that records would be subject to research and quality control. No published research derived from NDIS to date.

3. Benefits of analyses of anonymized records Quality assurance/quality control –Potential for improved search strategies –Potential for refinements of test kits Evaluation of population genetic assumptions used for statistical weights Use of real-world data in place of simulations

4. Review of Victoria State Database Krane/Paoletti analysis: >11,000 profiles each compared to all others across 9 loci: Shared allelesObserved occurrences 14 401 15 27 16 1 17 16 18 0 Aussie Bump

5. # Matching Alleles 14151617 # Observed40127116 300 100 20 1

7. Benefits of analyses of anonymized records Quality assurance/quality control –Potential for improved search strategies –Potential for refinements of test kits Evaluation of population genetic assumptions used for statistical weights Use of real-world data in place of simulations

8. Benefits of analyses of anonymized records Quality assurance/quality control Evaluation of population genetic assumptions used for statistical weights –Are populations uniform at city/state/region/nation levels? –Are similar close relatives common? Use of real-world data in place of simulations

9. Popular vote in 2012 by Congressional district. Romney won red districts, Obama won blue districts. How would you determine the frequency of Obama supporters in Seattle? Obama WA 61.2% ?

10. Popular vote in 2012 by Congressional district. Romney won red districts, Obama won blue districts. How would you determine the frequency of Obama supporters in Seattle? Obama WA 61.2% Region 60.6% ?

11. Popular vote in 2012 by Congressional district. Romney won red districts, Obama won blue districts. How would you determine the frequency of Obama supporters in Seattle? Obama WA 61.2% Region 60.6% U.S. 52.9% ?

12. Popular vote in 2012 by Congressional district. Romney won red districts, Obama won blue districts. How would you determine the frequency of Obama supporters in Seattle? Obama WA 61.2% Region 60.6% U.S. 52.9% Utah? 24.7% ? ?

13. Benefits of analyses of anonymized records Quality assurance/quality control Evaluation of population genetic assumptions used for statistical weights –Are populations uniform at city/state/region/nation levels? –Are similar close relatives common? Use of real-world data in place of simulations

14. Benefits of analyses of anonymized records Quality assurance/quality control Evaluation of population genetic assumptions used for statistical weights Use of real-world data in place of simulations –What fraction of 3-person mixtures look like 2-person mixtures? –How evenly distributed is DNA profile space?

15. It is time for disclosure of the NDIS database Open access to data is a fundamental tenet of science. Anonymized records would be easily copied and pose little (if any) privacy risk. Time for DNA disclosure –Science, 2009; 326:1631-1632.