1. Sports Hernia (Athletic Pubalgia)
Very Painful soft tissue injury that occurs in the lower abdominal or groin area.
Occurs in sports that involve sudden change of direction or intense twisting movement.
Most often affects the muscles within the lower abdominal.

2. Mechanism of Injury Sudden Change in direction or twisting movement.
Tendons attached to the oblique muscles to the pubic bone are most vulnerable
Sports hernias occur mainly in vigorous sports such as ice hockey, soccer, wrestling, and football

3. Treatment 4-6 week injury
Non-Surgical treatment: First 7-10 days, rest and ice (not directly to the skin) minutes, 3-4 times a day.
2 weeks in you may start physical therapy exercises to improve strength and flexibility.
NSAID’s
If pain returns after 4-6 weeks one may need surgery

4. Treatment cont.
Surgical Treatment: Can be done as a traditional open procedure or an endoscopic procedure.
Most athletes are able to return to sports 6 to 12 weeks after surgery.
Your recovery should be guided by the absence of symptoms, not a specific length of time on the calendar.

5. Prevention Strengthening the Pelvic floor muscles.
Maintain muscle balance.
Never increase training intensity, duration, and frequency by more than 10 percent a week.
Proper Warm up/cool down
Yearly physical

6. Blow to Solar Plexus Commonly known as “getting the wind knocked out”
Caused by a sudden blow or impact to the stomach or sometimes from a fall onto the back.
The athlete will have difficulty breathing deeply and possibly difficulty breathing at all.

7. Treatment Encourage calm slow breathing in the nose and out the mouth
If the winded athlete suffers from asthma, they may require additional care such as their inhaled medication.
The player can return if their breathing and pulse return to normal with no pain/deformity

8. Prevention No true way to prevent this type of injury.
If there is still signs of pain or deformity there maybe a serious internal injury.
Tighten core muscles
Anyone is vulnerable

9. Rupture Spleen
Occurs when the capsule-like covering of the spleen breaks open, pouring blood into your abdominal area.
Can rupture when the abdomen suffers a severe direct blow or blunt force.
Fist-sized organ under your left rib cage near your stomach.
Motor vehicle accidents,
Injury during contact sports, such as
football and hockey

10. Signs and Symptoms
Pain in the abdomen, left rib cage, or left shoulder region.
Signs of internal bleeding include:
Blurred vision, Confusion, Light-headedness, Fainting, Signs of shock, including restlessness, anxiety, nausea, and paleness.
Diagnoses: Physical exam, CT scan (not recommended), and Focused abdominal sonographic technique (FAST).

11. Grading Scale of Injury

12. Using proper equipment Very vulnerable No true way of prevention
Treatment:
Require immediate medical attention.
Can be a life threating injury.
Grade I&II may not require surgery.
A risk to live without.
Prevention:
Using proper equipment
Very vulnerable
No true way of prevention

13. Sources http://www.sportsherniasouth.com/