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2. Fabry-Perot FISO Sensors Presented by: Régis Blin, Technical Sales

3. Web Seminar You should hear my voice through your PC speaker / headset This webinar will last approx. 30 minutes. You can ask questions using the “Questions” panel on the right of your screen. We will answer: -In the “Questions” Panel -At the end of the presentation -By email Later this week you will receive links to: -Presentation in PowerPoint -Video recording of Webinar

4. Contents Fabry Perot sensors:  Introduction to FISO  Principle  Applications  Sensors  Reading units  Conclusion

6. FISO Technologies

7. FISO Technologies Inc.  Smartec sister company  Founded in 1994  1999 Acquired by Roctest Group  Independent subsidiary  Based in Quebec City  2000 m 2 production area  ISO Certified  ISO 9001:2008  ISO 13485:2003 (Medical)

8. 100 m 2 Class 10 000 Clean Room Clean Room Plasma Enhanced Deposition System Anodic Bonder

9. Automated Production

10. Immune to EMI, RF, Lightning Strikes, High Voltage, Intense Magnetic Field,… Intrinsically Safe Long term reliability (no corrosion) Temperature independent (no T compensation) Low power loss / up to 4 km long distance Small size and light weight Low cost Key advantage of FISO system

11. Point sensors for pressure, strain, deformation, temperature, refractive index Long-terms stability High resolution Small size, packaging for geotechnical instrumentation Lowest cost for FOS Fabry-Perot sensors

12. Fabry Perot sensing principle

13. White Light Interferometry (WLI) d 2d

14. Measurement is achieved by measuring the Fabry- Perot cavity length using white light interferometry Optical Fiber Mirrors Fabry-Perot Cavity ca. 1 cm The phase between the two reflections depends on the strain and/or on the temperature on the sensor Fabry Perot sensors

15. Y1, Y2 correspond to maxima of cross correlation function Y2 Y1 FP cavity (Y2) FP cavity (Y1) Y Signal conditioner Connector Incident signal Reflected signal 2x2 Coupler Source FP coded light Lens Optical cross correlator CCD detector Cross correlation function Pixel Fiber optic Sensor FP Cavity US Patents: 5,202,939 & 5,392,117 FISO Technology

16. Fabry-Perot Sensor packaging

17. Applications

18. Monitoring: during construction and long-term Parameters: Pressure: Piezometers (static and dynamic) Temperatures Strong Motion recorder Purpose: Insure safety of the dam, FOS selected for superior lightning protection, long lead cables, dynamic pressure sensing and long lifetime. El-Mauro Tailings Dam - Chile

19. Fiber Routing to Terminal House Cut-Off Trench Final Terminal House @ 1800 m 230 m 230 m 2500 m Stage 1 Terminal House @ 1000 m El-Mauro Tailings Dam, Duct track

20. Foundation Drillings Ducts for Conductors Manholes Piezometers:SandDrainsFoundation Strain Protection is Compulsory for long term measurements Objective: Stress Protected conductors and instruments El-Mauro Tailings Dam, Cable protection

21. Manhole and Armoured Ducts El-Mauro Tailings Dam, Cable ducts

22. Monitoring: understanding underground water movements Parameters: Pore water pressure Advantages: micro-PZ selected for small cross section, reduces borehole size, long lead cables and long lifetime. Hydraulic tomography - USA

24. Monitoring: continuous automatic monitoring from the construction to the operation Parameters: Total Pressure Cell for stresses in soil Purpose: fiber optical TPC selected for long lead cables and long lifetime. Rotterdam Harbor - The Netherlands

25. Fabry-Perot Total Pressure Cell (lightning) FOP-C sensor Oil-filled pressure cell

26. Monitoring: continuous automatic monitoring Parameters: Stresses in steel girders Purpose: fiber optical strain gauges selected for long lead cables and long lifetime. ESA VEGA Ground Segment SHM

28. Monitoring: long-term Parameters: Annular space monitoring Vertical, Horizontal and Rotational Movements Purpose: FOS selected for cryogenic environment, long lead cables and long lifetime. LNG Tank, Huelva Storage - Spain

29. LNG Tank Annular Space Huelva storage (Spain) Absolute measurement Linear response Range: 20 mm (0.79’’) Long leads lengths Easy to use Heavy duty and robust Reliable and promising long term stability Independent of light source stability

30. Monitoring: continuous automatic monitoring Parameters: Displacement, strain, temperature Purpose: fiber optical sensors selected for resistance to cryo, radiation, vacuum and strong magnetic fields. Superconducting structures, ITER Magnets

32. Feeders Correction Coils Superconducting structures, ITER Magnets

33. FISO Pressure Sensors

34. Fabry-Perot Pressure sensors Pyrex Silicon Membrane Fabry-Perot Cavity d0d0 d0d0 d0d0 P d1d1 P1P1 d2d2 P2P2 d0d0 P0P0

35. Intrinsically safe Immune to EMI/RFI/Lightning Long-term reliability Accuracy of ±0.25% F.S. High resolution Rugged stainless steel construction for harsh environments Fabry-Perot Piezometers

36. The FOP-MicroPZ is a fiber optic piezometer used to measure pore-water (or other fluids) pressure. One of the main differentiator of the FOP-MicroPZ is its very small size, enabling it to be used where no other piezometers can. Moreover, the FOP-MicroPZ has similar or better performances than traditional piezometers.  Range100, 200, 300 kPa  Accuracy: ± 0.1 % F.S.  Resolution:0.025 % F.S. FOP-MicroPZ

37. Small size –125µm O.D. (FOP-F125) –260µm O.D. (FOP-M260) –550µm O.D. (FOP-MIV) Fast response – 30 kHz (FOP-M/MH/MIV) Sensitive - 0.0001 psi (5 psi sensor) Cryogenic to 572°F (FOP-MH) Front-end looking (FOP-M/MIV/MH) Accurate ± 0.025 psi (5 psi sensor) Robust (FOP-C) Sealed (FOP-C) Up to 10 000 psi (FOP-C) Metal housing (FOP-C) Resistant to corrosion (FOP-C) Wide Fabry Perot pressure products range

38. FISO Displacement sensors

39. Fabry-Perot Displacement Sensor The FOD is an absolute position sensor. Its design is based on a Thin Film Fizeau Interferometer device (TFFI) mounted on a movable shaft.  Linear stroke:20 mm  Resolution:0.002 mm  Accuracy:±0.02 mm  -200°C to 100°C  Aluminum, Stainless Steel.

40. Fabry-Perot Displacement Sensor Fizeau (variable FP) Mirror Optical fibre Light outLight in Displacement

41. Applications: Low frequency displacement measurements anywhere where an electric wire is forbidden, or where lightning strike too often. Outside structures, Nuclear enclosure monitoring, Oil & Gas reservoir monitoring Advantages: Immune to EMI, to lightning strikes Fabry-Perot Displacement Sensor

42. FISO Strain Sensors

43. Fabry-Perot Strain sensors Fabry-Perot Cavity d d0d0 Ɛ0Ɛ0 dtdt ƐtƐt dcdc ƐcƐc Ɛ CompressionTension d0d0 dcdc dtdt

44. Range: ±1000µε Up to ±5000µε Resolution: 0.01% FS Trans. Sensitivity: <0.1% FS Operating temp.: -40°C to 85°C Range: ±1000µε Up to ±10000µε Resolution: 0.01% FS Trans. Sensitivity: <0.1% FS Operating temp.: -40°C to 250°C Range: ±1000µε up to ±3000µε Resolution: 0.01% FS Trans. Sensitivity: <0.1% FS Operating temp.: -40°C to 85°C Fabry-Perot Strain Sensors EFO SFO-W FOS-N

45. FISO Temperature Sensors

46. Fabry-Perot Temperature Sensors Fiber with large CTE Fiber with low CTE Fabry-Perot Cavity 300 um d T dodo T0T0 dhdh ThTh dcdc TcTc d0d0 dcdc dhdh

47. Range: from -40°C to typ. +85°C (max. 300°C) Response time: down to 750ms Resolution typ. 0.1°C and min. 0.01°C Accuracy ± 0.5°C Fabry-Perot Temperature Sensors

48. FISO Refractive Index Sensor

49. Fabry-Perot Refractive Index Sensor Optical FiberMirror Optical length with a fluid = d n fluid  Refractive index Wide range RI from 1.000 to 1.700 Resolution 0.0001 RI Uses a transmission mode (not affected by surface contaminants) Short cavity length (able to measure opaque liquid) d n fluid / d n air = n fluid Optical length in the air = d n air  reference length d

50. The refractive index sensor is a MOMS (Micro Optical Mechanical Structure) made of a Pyrex cavity and of a Silicon (Si) bridge. The MOMS is fixed with a solder glass on a glass capillary which holds and aligns the optical fiber. Refractive index sensor packages:BA bare, PK in a PTFE tube, NP in a stainless steel tube. Fabry-Perot Refractive Index Sensor

51. FISO Signal Conditionners

52. WLFPI Signal Conditionners

53. FTI-10DMIFPI-HRFPI-HS Channel116 or 321 or 21 Sequential Parallel N/ASequentialSequential ParallelParallel Max freq.10 Hz20 Hz 150ms-sw 250Hz (1ch) 125Hz (2ch) 15KHz Analog output±10V or 4-20mA 0 - 5V Power12 VDC 24 VDC WLFPI Signal Conditionners FTI-10Evolution platform DMI

54. One channel Voltage output and RS-232 communication ports Backlit LCD screen Small footprint (1/8 DIN) Rugged and easy to use Battery powered Smartec SA ∙ Via Pobiette 11, CH-6928 Manno, SWITZERLAND ∙ Phone +41 91 610 1800 ∙ Fax +41 91 610 1801 ∙ smartec@smartec.ch ∙ www.smartec.ch All information contained herein is believed to be accurate and is subject to change without notice. © Roctest Ltd., 2008. ORDERING INFORMATION Number of channels Single-channel portable readout

55. Smartec SA ∙ Via Pobiette 11, CH-6928 Manno, SWITZERLAND ∙ Phone +41 91 610 1800 ∙ Fax +41 91 610 1801 ∙ smartec@smartec.ch ∙ www.smartec.ch All information contained herein is believed to be accurate and is subject to change without notice. © Roctest Ltd., 2008. ORDERING INFORMATION Number of channels Single-channel portable readout

56. 16 to 32 channels 50 000 samples data logger Programmable data logger NEMA-4 enclosure Integrated modem for remote monitoring LED indicators for FODL-1600/3200 status Smartec SA ∙ Via Pobiette 11, CH-6928 Manno, SWITZERLAND ∙ Phone +41 91 610 1800 ∙ Fax +41 91 610 1801 ∙ smartec@smartec.ch ∙ www.smartec.ch All information contained herein is believed to be accurate and is subject to change without notice. © Roctest Ltd., 2008. ORDERING INFORMATION Number of channels 16/32 channels readout

57. FIBER OPTIC MULTI-CHANNEL FIELD DATALOGGER Smartec SA ∙ Via Pobiette 11, CH-6928 Manno, SWITZERLAND ∙ Phone +41 91 610 1800 ∙ Fax +41 91 610 1801 ∙ smartec@smartec.ch ∙ www.smartec.ch All information contained herein is believed to be accurate and is subject to change without notice. © Roctest Ltd., 2008. ORDERING INFORMATION Number of channels Single-channel portable readout

58.  Robust table-top design  Modular concept (DIN-rail)  Computer controlled  USB / analog  Power supply 24VDC 70  Lower cost solution Evolution platform

59.  Robust table-top design  OEM module @ 250 Hz / 125 Hz per channel  1-2 Channels (parallel)  Fully protected OEM design  Small footprint (102 x 102 x 45 mm)  Smart connectors SCAI  DIN-rail snap-on  Analog +USB  Temperature compensation FPI-HR 1-2 channels (250 Hz=125 Hz/channel) FPI-HR Modules

60. The evolution reading unit is composed of an evolution platform, a usb / power transmission interface, and 2 FPI-HR modules of 2 channels each. SCAI connector is a smart connector. On the sensor side a microchip containing the calibration factors is included. The chip is read by the unit connector and data are automatically loaded into the software.. Evolution reading unit

61. The data are fully compatible with SMARTEC SDB Software for static data management, analysis and representation 4.2 [  m/m] Software integration

62.  4 channels  125 Hz per channel  Smart connectors SCAI  DIN-rail snap-on  Analog +USB  Data logging via computer  Power supply 24VDC 70 Evolution kit

63.  USB connection to the computer  Each evolution platform is recognized automatically  Each module FPI-HR is recognized automatically with its serial number  Each channel of module is created automatically  Smart connectors SCAI → each sensor is created automatically on each connected channel, with directly the engineering unit  Data saved in ASCII format USER FRIENDLY NO NEED TO DEFINE A CALIBRATION OBTAIN DIRECTLY THE ENGINEERING UNIT WITHOUT MISTAKE Evolution software

66. Fabry-Perot sensors: point sensors for pressure, strain, deformation, temperature, refractive index Long-terms stability High resolution Small size, packaging for geotechnical instrumentation Lowest cost for FOS Conclusions

67. Thank you for your attention SMARTEC http://www.smartec.ch/