1. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Lesson Objective
To be able to explain the different plant required in building construction

2. Excavators and Earthmoving Equipment
L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Excavators and Earthmoving Equipment

3. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Excavators
There are two types excavators:-
360 degree excavator
Backhoe excavators which can only move 180 degrees
The most common excavator is the JCB 3CX which is very versatile and can have many attachments incorporated onto its hydraulics. Excavators have two movable forms: wheeled and tracked.
They are used mainly in demolition and earth excavation and removal but can also be used to lift materials if certified to do so.

4. Front Loader and Backhoe
L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Front Loader and Backhoe

5. Wheeled Front Loading Shovel
L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Wheeled Front Loading Shovel

6. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Motorised Scraper

7. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Back-acter

8. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Trenching Machine

9. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Dumper trucks
A dumper truck is a truck used for transporting loose material (such as sand, gravel, or dirt).
A typical dump truck is equipped with an open-box bed, which is hinged at the rear and equipped with hydraulic pistons to lift the front, allowing the material in the bed to be deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery.

10. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
5T Dumper

11. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Articulated Dumper

12. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Dump Truck

13. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Motorised Grader

14. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Forklift trucks On construction sites, forklift trucks have large off-road tyres in order to cope with the rough terrain of construction sites conditions. This type of plant is ideal for the unloading and distribution of materials in any 360 degree location, both vertically and horizontally. Modern forklifts have telescopic booms that can be used to reach onto scaffolding platforms to deposit materials.

15. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Forklift trucks

16. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Trench Support systems
Are used to support the sides of excavations. They can take different forms:-
Steel sheet piling driven in and propped
Hydraulic props between timber shores
Steel hydraulic trench boxes

17. Trench support systems
L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Trench support systems

18. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Cement mixers and silos Cement mixers range from a full batching plant that can produce concrete down to a small bag mixer. Cement silos and mortar producing plants should be used on larger construction sites where economies of scale can be obtained by purchasing raw materials in bulk.

19. Cement mixers and silos
L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Cement mixers and silos

20. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Lesson Objective
To be able to explain the different infrastructure required on a building site

21. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Lesson Objective
To be able to explain the different infrastructure required on a building site

22. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction

23. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Site Layout
Complete worksheet. What are temporary works need considerations?
Material storage
Site office/ store rooms
Canteens/toilets
Position for fixed plant
Temporay roads
Space required for scaffolding around the building
Position of temporary site services
Location of fixed plant
Security/ Lighting
Parking for staff and visitors
Waste
Protection of trees and buildings
Access in, out and around site
Site hoarding

24. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
What Temporary Services are required?
Electricity supply
Water supply
Telephones/broadband
Drainage
Sewers/manholes/soakaways

25. L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction
Site Layout

26. Traffic Management and Site Logistics
Supply of building materials
Many materials are supplied in construction and these are either sourced:-
From the manufacturer directly where bulk amounts can be purchased
From a distributor such as a builder’s merchant where smaller lots can be purchased.
When purchasing materials it is best to select the ‘crane off load option’.
Why?
Materials should be left on pallets and wrapped where possible.

27. Traffic Management and Site Logistics
Supply of building materials
Just-in-time (JIT)
One of the core problems in construction is that there is often too much material on site.
What are the potential problems?:
congestion which impedes work and creates safety hazards;
damage to materials in handling and storage;
double handling when materials have to be moved from one work-face to another; and
reduced productivity.

28. Traffic Management and Site Logistics
Supply of building materials Construction Consolidation Centres (CCC) The CCC allows the implementation of JIT while at the same time drastically reducing the transport volumes and carbon emissions. It is particularly powerful in big city areas - in London, projects have achieved 70% reductions in emissions from site traffic. Often successful strategy is to operate the CCC in combination with on site logistics specialists.