1. Library of Congress Subject Headings Lecture 2

2. Changes in terminology (1) OldNew Unauthorized term Authorized term Sacks see Bags Sacks USE Bags Bags x Sacks Bags UF Sacks Authorized term Unauthorized term

3. Card catalog see ref. Catalog card Unauthorized term Authorized term Authorized term SacksseeBags

4. Subject browse = sacks Card catalog see ref. - online Sacks See: Bags

5. Changes in terminology (2) OldNew Specific term General term General termCubism xx Art Cubism BT Art Art sa Cubism Art NT Cubism General term Specific term Specific term Broader and narrower terms

6. Card catalog see also ref. Catalog card Broader term Narrower term Narrower term Art see also Cubism Only if you have items under heading Cubism!

7. Subject browse = art Card catalog see ref. - online Art … Narrower Term: Cubism

8. Changes in terminology (3) OldNew Term Related term Related term Food saCookery xxCookery Food RTCookery Term Related term Related term Cookery saFood xxFood Cookery RTFood

9. Card catalog see also ref. Catalog card Authorized term Related authorized term Related authorized term Cookery see also Food Only if you have items under heading Food!

10. Card catalog see also ref. Catalog card Authorized term Related authorized term Related authorized term Food see also Cookery Only if you have items under heading Cookery!

11. Online catalog see also ref. cookery

12. Cookery

13. Online catalog see also ref. Only if you have items under heading Food! See Also: Food

14. Geographic subdivisions Construction industry (May Subd Geog) —Finance ——Law and legislation (May Subd Geog) Construction industry — Italy Allowed headings: Construction industry — Italy — Finance Construction industry — Finance — Law and legislation — Italy

15. Geographic names Obtaining the correct term United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) United States: http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic

16. Searching…

17. Results

18. Results (enlarged)

19. Searching for foreign names

20. No Myanmar

21. Burma or Myanmar? BURMA(BM)

22. Burma or Myanmar?

23. Myanmar (Variant) Burma

24. Searching for foreign names

26. Geographic subdivision instructions - old way (1) LCSH would indicate whether a geographic heading could be added directly or indirectly Drainage laws (Direct) Ferns (Indirect)

27. Geographic subdivision instructions - old way (2) Drainage laws (Direct) Drainage laws — United States Headings Drainage laws — Pennsylvania Drainage laws — Pittsburgh

28. Geographic subdivision instructions - old way (2) Ferns (Indirect) Headings Ferns — Switzerland — Geneva Ferns — Pennsylvania Ferns — Pennsylvania — Pittsburgh Interpose “collecting level”

29. Geographic subdivision instructions - new way Drainage laws (May Subd Geog) Ferns (May Subd Geog) Ferns — Switzerland — Geneva Headings Ferns — Pennsylvania — Pittsburgh Collecting levels

30. Geographic subdivisions - collecting levels (1)  United States, Canada, Great Britain  First-level political subdivisions (states, constituent countries, republics) assigned directly  Ferns — Massachusetts — Boston  Other countries  Collecting level is the country  Ferns — Spain — Madrid

31. Geographic subdivisions - collecting levels (2)  Exceptions to the rule: Washington Metropolitan Area, New York Metropolitan Area, and Jerusalem Metropolitan Area are cited directly  Ferns — Washington (D.C.)  Ferns — Jerusalem

32. Geographic subdivisions - collecting levels (3)  New York Metropolitan Area  Ferns — New York Metropolitan Area  New York City  Ferns — New York (State) — New York

33. Geographic subdivisions in card and MARC formats (1) Gardens — France — Nice 650aGardens zFrance zNice. card MARC

34. Geographic subdivisions in card and MARC formats (2) Gardens — Massachusetts — Boston 650aGardens zMassachusetts zBoston.

35. Geographic subdivisions in card and MARC formats (3) Gardens — Jerusalem 650aGardens zJerusalem.

36. Geographic subdivisions in card and MARC formats (3) Boston (Mass.) — Auditoriums, convention facilities, etc. 651aBoston (Mass.) xAuditoriums, convention facilities, etc. Geographic qualifier

37. Types of subdivisions  Topical  Geographic  Chronological  Form

38. Topical subdivisions Used under headings of all types to limit the concept expressed by the heading to a subheading Drinking water — Aluminum content

39. Geographic subdivisions "Indicate the geographic area to which treatment of a topic is limited. They may designate where something is located, or where something is from, depending on the topic." Orchids — India

40. Chronological subdivisions "Chronological or period subdivisions indicate time periods covered in the contents of the work. " Women — History — To 500 See H 1647 sec. 4 to determine when you can add time period without intervening — History French poetry — 19th century

41. Form subdivisions Indicate what the item is rather than what it is about. Now coded in MARC subfield v. Vocabulary tests — Study guides 650aVocabulary tests vStudy guides. Subfield v: form subdivision

42. Subdivisions listed in LCSH American poetry (May Subd Geog) —Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 —Revolutionary period, 1775-1783 —1783-1850 —19th century —20th century —— Readings with music American poetry — 20th century — Readings with music

43. Transfer subdivisions listed? American poetry (May Subd Geog) —Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 —Revolutionary period, 1775-1783 —1783-1850 —19th century —20th century —— Readings with music American poetry — Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 — Readings with music ?

44. Free-floating subdivisions General free-floating subdivisionsGeneral free-floating subdivisions Subdivisions under classes of persons and ethnic groupsSubdivisions under classes of persons and ethnic groups Subdivisions under names of individual corporate bodies, persons, and familiesSubdivisions under names of individual corporate bodies, persons, and families Subdivisions used under place namesSubdivisions used under place names Subdivisions controlled by pattern headingsSubdivisions controlled by pattern headings Five types:

45. Subject Cataloging Manual SUBJECT CATALOGING MANUAL Subject Headings Volume 2 H 1075-H1200

46. General free-floating subdivisions Form or topicalForm or topical –Form : what the work is Environmental education — Bibliography –Topical : what the work is about Environmental education — Political aspects

47. Free-Floating Subdivisions H 1095 $v Designs and plans (H 1532) Use under architectural headings, including types of buildings and rooms, and under landscape headings, including types of gardens and parks, for works containing architectural drawings. $x Deterioration Use under types of substances, materials, products, etc. $v Dictionaries (H 1540) Use under subjects. See also –Encyclopedias Section in Subject Cataloging Manual $v Use as either form or topical subdivision $x Use only as topical subdivision

48. General free-floating subdivisions—form Personal Name:Penrice, John, 1818-1892. Main Title:A dictionary and glossary of the Koran / John Penrice. Published/Created:Mineola, N.Y. : Dover Publications, 2004. Description:viii, 166 p. ; 28 cm.ISBN:0486434397 (pbk.) Subjects:Koran—Language, style— Dictionaries—English. Arabic language— Dictionaries—English. Form subdivisions

49. General free-floating subdivisions—form 1001_ |a Penrice, John, |d 1818-1892. 24512 |a A dictionary and glossary of the Koran / |c John Penrice. 260__ |a Mineola, N.Y. : |b Dover Publications, |c 2004. 300__ |a viii, 166 p. ; |c 28 63000 |a Koran |x Language, style |v Dictionaries |x English. 650_0 |a Arabic language |v Dictionaries |x English. Subfield v for form subd.

50. Form subdivisions Subfield v for form subd. 245 00 |aDizionario dell’automobile : |btedesco-italiano, italiano-tedesco = Automobil-Wörterbuch : Deutsch-Italienisch, Italienisch- Deutsch |btedesco-italiano, italiano-tedesco = Automobil-Wörterbuch : Deutsch-Italienisch, Italienisch- Deutsch... 650 _0 |a Automobiles |v Dictionaries |v Dictionaries |x Italian. |x Italian. 650 _0 |a Automobiles |v Dictionaries |v Dictionaries |x German. |x German.

51. Subdivisions used under classes of persons and ethnic groups Subdivisions under classes of persons (H 1100)Subdivisions under classes of persons (H 1100) Subdivisions under ethnic groups (H 1103)Subdivisions under ethnic groups (H 1103) Political prisoners — Abuse of French-Canadians — Job stress

52. Subdivisions used under names of individual corporate bodies, persons, and families Subdivisions under names of persons (H 1110)Subdivisions under names of persons (H 1110) Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 — Birthplace Subdivisions under family namesSubdivisions under family names Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 — Birthplace Smith family — Homes and haunts

53. Subdivisions used under place names Subdivisions under names of places (H 1140)Subdivisions under names of places (H 1140) Italy — Social life and customs

54. Free-floating subdivisions Use to provide greater specificityUse to provide greater specificity Use only one per headingUse only one per heading  If two free-floating subdivisions apply, create two headings Adams family—Archives Adams family—Correspondence

55. Free-floating subdivisions Some free-floating subdivisions have authorized subdivisionsSome free-floating subdivisions have authorized subdivisions Bank credit cards—Computer networks—Security measures $x Computer networks $x Security measures SCMSCM Heading:

56. Free-floating subdivisions Place at end of heading from LCSHPlace at end of heading from LCSH Find in Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject HeadingsFind in Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings Tourism — Spain — Madrid — Bibliography

57. Subdivisions controlled by pattern headings Standardized sets of topical and form subdivisions for use under particular categories of subject headings or name headings used as subjects

58. Pattern heading examples CategoryPattern(s) AnimalsFishes; Cattle ChemicalsCopper; Insulin DiseasesCancer; Tuberculosis Musical Comps.Operas Organs of bodyFoot; Heart Plants & cropsCorn Land vehiclesAutomobiles ReligionsBuddhism Religious ordersJesuits

59. Pattern headings: Chemicals Patterns: Copper; Insulin $xAbsorption and adsorption (May Subd Geog) $xAcoustic properties (May Subd Geog) $xAdministration $xAffinity labeling (May Subd Geog) … Nitrogen—Absorption and adsorption

60. Adding a pattern heading Title: Carbon adsorption Carbon—Isotopes — — Decay … Carbon—Absorption and adsorption In LCSH : find heading for Carbon In LCSH: no subdiv. for adsorption Copper —Absorption and adsorption (May Subd Geog) … In SCM: Pattern for chemical is Copper

61. Adding a pattern heading Cauliflower — Varieties Cauliflower—Aging—Genetic aspects In LCSH : find heading for Cauliflower In LCSH: no subdiv. for aging Corn... — Aging — — Genetic aspects In SCM: Pattern for plants is Corn Title: The genetic aspects of aging in cauliflower

62. The aerodynamics of Hummer trucks LCSH heading: Hummer truck Land vehicles pattern heading: automobiles Automobiles ― Aerodynamics Hummer truck Our subject heading: ― Aerodynamics ― Aerodynamics 26 th ed.:Hummer truck Current ed.: Hummer trucks

63. Subject heading with floating subdivision must make sense Juvenile delinquency — Amateur's manuals Not!!!!!

64. Selecting subject headings Verbalize the contents of the book What happened?What happened? To what/whom did it happen?To what/whom did it happen? Where?Where? Are any topics subordinate?Are any topics subordinate? When?When?

65. UFOs in Eureka : what the Missouri government does not want you to know Verbalize the contents of the book A number of people say that they have sighted UFOs landing in Eureka, Missouri, and that the government is covering it up

66. Create a heading Always start with heading from LCSH (Big red books)Always start with heading from LCSH (Big red books) Is there a subdivision listed in LCSH?Is there a subdivision listed in LCSH? Is there an applicable free- floating subdivision?Is there an applicable free- floating subdivision? Can the heading be subdivided geographically?Can the heading be subdivided geographically?

67. UFOs in Eureka : what the Missouri government does not want you to know A number of people say that they have sighted UFOs landing in Eureka, Missouri, and that the government is covering it up Unidentified flying objects Main topics: UFOs & Conspiracies Main LCSH headings: Conspiracies

68. UFOs in Eureka : what the Missouri government does not want you to know Unidentified flying objects Any appropriate subdivision listed for our subject heading? ―Sightings and encounters Unidentified flying objects ― Sightings and encounters A number of people say that they have sighted UFOs landing in Eureka, Missouri, and that the government is covering it up

69. UFOs in Eureka : what the Missouri government does not want you to know Can we subdivide geographically? Eureka is in Missouri Unidentified flying objects ― Sightings and encounters (May Subd Geog) Unidentified flying objects ― Sightings and encounters ― Missouri ― Eureka Our subject heading: A number of people say that they have sighted UFOs landing in Eureka, Missouri, and that the government is covering it up

70. Divinity and experience : the religion of the Dinka Dinka (African people) from LCSH: from SCM:SH H 1103 Ethnic Groups: $x Religion Dinka (African people) ― Religion

71. How to control fading in your pansies in California Pansies from LCSH: from pattern heading Corn: $x Color $x Fading $x Control (May Subd Geog) Pansies ― Color ― Fading ― Control ― California

72. Sanford Berman Prejudice and antipathies : a tract on the LC Subject Heads concerning people (1971) Yellow peril Criminal justice, administration of as cross-reference to Lynching Primitive as modifier to Society, Art, Religion... Barbarian invasions of Rome Steven Knowlton: “By utilizing the language and perspective of a particular group...LCSH can make materials hard to find for other users, stigmatize certain groups of people....”

73. Changes in LCSH Yellow peril Criminal justice, administration of as cross-reference to Lynching Deleted Cross-ref eliminated Primitive as modifier to Society, Art, Religion... Religion, primitive points to Religion; Art, Primitive exists Barbarian invasions of Rome Rome—History— Germanic invasions, 3 rd -6 th centuries 1980 Library of Congress convened Racism and Sexism in Subject Analysis Subcommittee

74. Sanford Berman Hennepin County Library Cataloging Bulletin, no. 35 (July/August 1978): 1-7 "…why is it that the many works on the forced removals suffered by Native Americans are regularly subject-cataloged under INDIANS of NORTH AMERICA—LAND TRANSFERS?" Indian land transfers Newer heading:

75. Sanford Berman "…why is it that the many works on the forced removals suffered by Native Americans are regularly subject-cataloged under INDIANS of NORTH AMERICA—LAND TRANSFERS?“ Personal name:Dunn, John M., 1949- Main title:The relocation of the Native American Indian / by John M. Dunn. Published/Created:Detroit, : Lucent Books, c2006. Contents: Introduction : A clash of two worlds — A lust for land — Colonial struggles for control — U.S. expansion : an era of broken treaties — Forced removal from the east — Losing ground west of the Mississippi — The Indian wars of the American west — Native American last stands — Losing ground on the reservations — Holding on to what is left. Subjects: Indian Removal, 1813-1903. Indians of North America — Land tenure. Indians of North America — Land tenure. Indian reservations — North America. Indian reservations — North America. Recent record:

76. Sanford Berman "…why is it that the many works on the forced removals suffered by Native Americans are regularly subject-cataloged under INDIANS of NORTH AMERICA—LAND TRANSFERS?“ Personal name:Miller, David W., 1926- Main title:The forced removal of American Indians from the northeast : a history of territorial cessions and relocations, 1620-1854 Published/Created:Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland & Co., c2011. Subjects: Indians of North America — Relocation — Northeastern States — History. Indians of North America — Land tenure — Northeastern States — History. Indians of North America — Land tenure — Northeastern States — History. Indians of North America — Northeastern States — History. Indians of North America — Northeastern States — History. Recent record:

77. Authority record for Indian Removal 150 __ |a Indian Removal, 1813-1903 450 __ |a Compulsory Removal of Indians, 1813-1903 450 __ |a Forced Indian Relocation, 1813-1903 450 __ |a Forced Indian Removal, 1813-1903 450 __ |a Forced Relocation of Indians, 1813-1903 450 __ |a Forced Removal of Indians, 1813-1903 450 __ |a Indians of North America |x Forced Removal, 1813-1903 … 550 __ |w g |a Indians of North America |x Relocation 670 __ |a Encyc. Americana |b (Removal to Reservations) 670 __ |a World Book encyc. |b (Indian removal) … 670 __ |a Google search, May 4, 2007 |b (Indian removal; forced removal of Indians; removal of Indians; compulsory removal of Indians; forced relocation of Indians; forced Indian removal; forced Indian relocation) 680 __ |i Here are entered works on the forced removal of American Indians to reservations by the U.S. government, generally considered to have begun around 1813, continued through the 19th century under the provisions of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and ended as late as 1903 with the removal of Indian tribes in Southern California.

78. Sanford Berman The Web site (main page presently invisible; use Ctrl+u to see the links): http://www.sanfordberman.org/ 1993 reprint of Prejudice and antipathies: http://www.sanfordberman.org/prejant.htm