1. Music Styles Introduction
-Country music and Funk music-

2. What is Country Music
Country music is about tradition that differ from place to place.
Its simple form lends itself to endless variations on similar themes.
Country music grew out of American Southern folk music, both Appalachian and blues.
Old-time country was simple and folky, with just guitars and fiddles.

3. Some Coutry Styles Western Swing Honky Tonk Bluegrass Cowboy
Traditional Country

4. Western Swing
It was the most eclectic form of country music and in its free-wheeling diversity .
It set the stage for rock & roll .
It also incorporated traditional pop melodies, jazz improvisation, blues and folk.
Bob Wills and Milton Brown popularized the genre in the '30s and Wills became known as the father of the genre .

5. Symbolic Artists and Songs
Bob Wills -Take me back to Tulsa

6. Honky Tonk
It was the first to be significantly influenced by rock & roll.
It's spare and direct, driven acoustic guitars, steel guitars, fiddles, and a high, lonesome vocal .
Ernest Tubb was the first honky tonk musician to popularize the genre, but Hank Williams, George Jones, and Lefty Frizzell became the definitive artists in the '50s.

7. Symbolic Artists and Songs
Hank Williams Jr – Jambalaya
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Hank Williams Sr – Jambalaya
George Jones - He Stopped Loving Her Today

8. Bluegrass
It grew out of traditional string band music , but musicians made the music faster, harder, and more technically demanding.
It was named after Bill Monroe's backing band, the Blue Grass Boys. After its inception in the mid-'40s, and its popularization in the '50s, the sound had become part of country music .

9. Cowboy
Cowboy Music was originally handed down from the genuine Old West articles, its repertoire consisting of songs sung on the open range to pass the time on cattle drives.
The performances and production of cowboy songs depend largely on the context.
While movie songs were usually recorded with modern soundtrack-style orchestras, old-time groups like the Sons of the Pioneers relied on traditional, unadorned acoustic instruments.

10. Symbolic Artists and Songs
Michael Martin Murphey - Wildfire

11. Traditional Country
Traditional Country is a nebulous term ,but the name does evoke a specific sound, namely the long-standing tradition of simple country songs delivered with simple instrumentation and a distinct twang.
The era of traditional country didn't begin until the late '20s, when Jimmie Rodgers became the first national country music star.

12. Following Rodgers' success, old-time music faded in popularity and traditional country was born. For the next 40 years, most country music fell under the traditional country umbrella .
During the '60s, mainstream country became progressively more pop-influenced, yet traditional country held strong until the early '70s, when country-pop became the dominant form of country music.

13. Symbolic Artists and Songs
Faith Hill – Lost
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14. Funk Music

15. Mainstream popularity
Outline
Stylistic origins
Soul music with a greater emphasis on beats, influences from rhythm and blues, jazz and psychedelic rock
Cultural origins
Mid to late 1960s, United States
Typical instruments
Electric guitar - Bass guitar - Drums - Keyboards - Horns
Mainstream popularity
High in the 1970s, later revival of funk beats in metal
Derivative forms
Disco - Hip hop - Electro music

16. Characteristics
Funk creates an intense groove by using strong bass guitar riffs and bass lines.
Funk songs used bass lines as the centerpiece of songs. Graham is generally credited with inventing the percussive "slap bass technique."
Some of the best known and most skillful soloists in funk have jazz backgrounds.
Sometimes 1970s funk bands are divided to "hardcore funk" and "sophisticated funk"
In funk bands, guitarists typically play in a percussive style
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17. History

18. Origin of Funk
The word "funk", once defined in dictionaries as body odor or the smell of sexual intercourse, commonly was regarded as coarse or indecent.
The distinctive characteristics of African-American musical expression are rooted in West African musical traditions, and find their earliest expression in spirituals, work chants/songs, praise shouts, gospel and blues.
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19. James Brown and funk as a genre
By mid-1960s, James Brown had developed his signature groove that emphasized the downbeat – with heavy emphasis on the first beat of every measure to etch his distinctive sound, rather than the backbeat that typified African American music.
"Out of Sight" was the breakthrough hit that signaled the shift in Brown's sound to establish funk as a distinct genre.
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20. 1970s and P-Funk
In the 1970s, a new group of musicians further developed the "funk rock" approach innovated by George Clinton, with his main bands Parliament and, later, Funkadelic. Together, they produced a new kind of funk sound heavily influenced by jazz and psychedelic rock.

21. P-Funk
The two groups had members in common and often are referred to collectively as "Parliament-Funkadelic." The breakout popularity of Parliament-Funkadelic gave rise to the term "P-Funk," which referred to the music by George Clinton's bands, and defined a new subgenre.

22. Other prominent funk bands
Other prominent funk bands of the period included --
Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, Dennis Coffey, The Brothers Johnson, Earth, Wind & Fire, Bootsy's Rubber Band, The Meters, Tower of Power,
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23. 1980s and stripped-down funk
In the 1980s, many of the core elements that formed the foundation of the P-Funk formula began to be usurped by electronic machines and synthesizers.
Horn sections of saxophones and trumpets were replaced by synth keyboards, and the horns that remained were given simplified lines, and few horn solos.
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24. Recent developments
While funk was all but driven from the radio by slick commercial R&B and New Jack Swing, its influence continued to spread. Rock bands began adding elements of Funk to their sound, creating new combinations of "funk rock" and funk metal.

25. Since the middle of the 80s hip hop artists regularly sample old funk tunes. James Brown is said to be the most sampled artist in the history of hip hop, while P-Funk is the second most sampled artist.
Dr. Dre has freely acknowledged to being heavily influenced by George Clinton's psychedelic funk: "Back in the 70s that's all people were doing: getting high, wearing Afros, bell-bottoms and listening to Parliament-Funkadelic.
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26. Key Words Fiddle 小提琴 Free-wheeling 不受約束的 Incorporate 吸收
Improvisation 急就章
Acoustic 聽覺的
Definitive 最終
Inception 成立

27. Key Words Repertoire 匯輯 Nebulous 朦朧 Twang 弦聲 Earthy 粗俗的 Odor 臭氣
Indecent 下流的;猥褻的;粗鄙的
Seamlessly 無縫地

28. Key Words Amalgam 混合物 Etch 鮮明地描述 Catchy (曲調等)動聽而易記的 Vamp 即席伴奏
Frenzied 狂亂的
Punctuate 不時打斷
Riff 即興重複段

29. Key Words
Psychedelic 幻覺的
Double Entendre 【法】 (常指有猥褻含義的)雙關語
Slick 靈巧的