1. Author’s Purpose Modes of Writing

2. Three Reasons for Writing 1.To Inform (Expository) 2.To Persuade (Persuasive) 3.Entertain (Narrative or Poetry)

3. Writing to Inform Often called expository writing. Expository writing shows or explains facts. Examples: Biography of Barack Obama News report about a shooting Note to a friend Essay about “killer bees” Remember: Expository = Expose

4. Writing to Persuade Attempts to influence the reader. Usually makes an argument. Examples: Political speeches Advertisements A cover letter for your resume An essay urging readers to recycle

5. Writing to Entertain Narratives: stories. Have a beginning, middle, and end A story may have a lesson, but the author’s main purpose is to entertain. Examples of Writing to Entertain Harry Potter books Poems about love Narrative essay about the big game Script for a TV show

6. Is it a story, poem, or drama (script)? Entertain Yes No Does the text make arguments? Inform Persuade YesNo Does the text give facts? YesNo Start Over

7. Review Informative or expository writing provides factual information about a topic. Persuasive writing expresses an opinion (may use facts to support). All narratives are written to entertain, but so is poetry.

8. Practice You will be graded on participation and completion, not on accuracy. 1.On a separate sheet of paper, number one through ten. 2.I will describe a piece of writing. 3.You will write the author’s purpose: to inform, persuade, or entertain.

9. 1 The story of a teenage boy learning to understand and live with his father, who is an alcoholic Vietnam war veteran.

10. 2 A list of the 25 richest athletes in the world.

11. 3 An article arguing why Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player ever.

12. 4 An “X-men” comic book.

13. 5 The story about a young girl with low self- esteem learning to love herself.

14. 6 A National Geographic article about the eating and breeding habits of the endangered bald eagle.

15. 7 A website saying that a new shopping mall should not be built because it threatens an endangered bald eagle’s home. The website also lists other reasons why the mall should not be built.

16. 8 A poem about bald eagles.

17. 9 A magazine ad telling you to buy Nike Hyperdunk shoes because you’ll jump higher.

18. 10 A sign saying, “Rest Stop Five Miles Ahead.”

19. Answers 1. Entertain 2. Inform 3. Persuade 4. Entertain 5. Entertain 6. Inform 7. Persuade 8. Entertain 9. Persuade 10. Inform

20. Author’s Purpose Activity Read each of the 10 descriptions and decide whether the author’s purpose is: –Expository/Informative –Entertainment –Persuasive –Be sure to explain your answer. –20 Points Formative Assessment

21. Bell Work: What are the 3 reasons for writing?

22. Three Reasons for Writing 1.To Inform (Expository) 2.To Persuade (Persuasive) 3.Entertain (Narrative or Poetry)

23. Narrative Perspective Author’s Point of View

24. Dialogue and Narration Dialogue = when characters speak. Narration = when the narrator speaks. “Quotation marks” separate narration from dialogue. Example “Help” my cousin Jack said. 1 2

25. Identifying Narrative Perspective It's about the narrator (who tells the story) We're not looking at dialogue. We don't care what characters say. Only the narrator's voice matters.

26. Pronoun Case First-PersonI, me, my, mine, we, us, ours, Second-Personyou, your Third-Personhe, she, her, they, them (also character's names) We are trying to figure out the narrator's view point on the story. Perspectives and Signal Words

27. Secret “I am in the room” I = 1 st Person “You come in the room.” You = 2 nd Person “Then he or she came in the room.” He or She = 3 rd Person

28. First-Person Narrator is a part of the story (character). Often uses I or we. Example I went home. Tim came over. I couldn't play.

29. Second-Person Usually for instructions Uses “You”; from “your” perspective. Examples First, gather your materials. Add 1 cup sugar to flour.

30. Third-Person Narrator usually isn’t involved. Tells other's stories. Lots of “He,” “She,” & character names. Three Types of Third-Person Narration Does the narrator tell… Thoughts and Feelings of Characters?

31. Third-Person Omniscient Narrator is all knowing. Narrator tells thoughts and feelings of more than one character. Omni = AllScient = Knowing Example Tim was mad at Shay. He blamed her. Shay knew Tim would be mad, but she wanted to live her life.

32. Third-Person Limited Narrator is limited to one character. Tells thoughts & feelings of one character Example Tim was mad at Shay. He blamed her. Shay just left without saying anything. She left a note and then left him.

33. Third-Person Objective Narrator does not reveal any character’s thoughts or feelings. Only character’s dialogue and actions are narrated. Example Tim slammed the door. He walked upstairs & read a note from Shay. He kicked her trash can & started crying.

34. Tips on Identifying Check 1st or 2nd-person before worrying about objective, limited, or omniscient. Ask, “Who’s story is the narrator telling: his, mine, or someone else’s?” Focus on narration not dialogue.

35. Practice 1.Read the following passages. 2.Determine the narrator’s perspective. 3.Write down your answer.

36. 1 When I was four months old, my mother died suddenly and my father was left to look after me all by himself… I had no brothers or sisters. So through boyhood, from the age of four months onward, there was just us two, my father and me. We lived in an old gypsy caravan behind a filling station”

37. 2 The huge man dropped his blankets and flung himself down and drank from the surface of the green pool. The small man stepped behind him. "Lennie!" he said sharply. "Lennie, for God" sakes don’t drink so much." Lennie continued to snort into the pool. The small man leaned over and shook him by the shoulder. "Lennie you gonna be sick like you was last night." Lennie dipped his whole head under, hat and all… "Tha’s good," he said. "You drink some, George." He smiled happily

38. 3 Foresight in Relationships The previous night, make your plans for the next day and write them down… If you attend an exclusive Samurai’s party and feel timid, you cannot do your part in making it a successful party. You had first better prepare by convincing yourself that you will have a grand time. And you should feel grateful for the invitation.

39. 4 Harold Davis took a deep breath and slowly started to peel the gauze from the wound on his grandmother’s leg. “Hold on, Grandma. I’m almost done,” He said quietly. “Don’t worry, baby. It doesn’t hurt too much,” she quietly replied. “Just take your time.” Harold glanced up at his grandmother lying on the couch. He could tell she was in pain from the way she gripped the cushions, but still she managed to smile back at him.

40. 5 They were standing under a tree, each with an arm round the other's neck, and Alice knew which was which in a moment, because one of them had "DUM" embroidered on his collar, and the other "DEE." "I suppose they've each got "TWEEDLE" round at the back of the collar," she said to herself. They stood so still that she quite forgot they were alive, and she was just looking round to see if the word "TWEEDLE" was written at the back of each collar, when she was startled by a voice coming from the one marked "DUM."

41. Answers 1.First-Person 2.Third-Person Objective 3.Second-Person 4.Third-Person Limited 5.Third-Person Limited

42. Audience, & Medium

43. Students Parents Community Age Group Area of Study –English/Language Arts –Social Studies –Mathematics –Science Audience – Who are you communicating with?

44. The means of transmitting information between a speaker or writer (the sender) and an audience (the receiver).senderaudiencereceiver –Written –Political Cartoon –Painting –Oral Speech –Carving/statue Medium

45. Who wrote the document? Who was the intended audience? What was the story line? Why was the document written? What type of document was it, or what was its purpose? What were the basic assumptions made by the author? Can I believe this document? What can I learn about the society that produced this document? What does this document mean to me? Questions we must ask in analyzing a historical document :