2. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Part 2, Chapter 6 - Vocabulary These flashcards have been designed as a study tool to assist in your mastery of each chapter’s vocabulary and accompanying concepts. Instructions: This is an animated PowerPoint slide show. To use it as intended, begin the slide show by clicking on "slide show" (above) and then "view show," or by clicking on the slide show icon below. For use in conjunction with: Personality: A Systems Approach, By John D. Mayer Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach Flashcards by Rebecca Disbrow

3. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Self-As-Knower According to William James, a person’s innermost aware identity. It watches with consciousness, and exerts will where useful.

4. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Ego The portion of the mind that includes a conscious sense of self and capable of rational thought and self-control. Although originally a psychodynamic concept, the term is now used in a number of theoretical orientations.

5. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Dialogical Self A type of consciousness that switches between one’s model of one’s own self and mental models of other people. As the dialogical self switches its focus its focus to models of oneself or others, it animates the given model, bringing it imaginatively to life as if the person were there, talking or acting.

6. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Self-Awareness A type of awareness, in which the topic, or subject, of awareness is awareness itself; that is, reflective awareness.

7. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Access to Information In the study of consciousness, the state in which conscious awareness can obtain information, retrieve it, or attend to it, as opposed to being blocked off from information.

8. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Sentience A state of being someone, of possessing internal, subjective experience.

9. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Subjective Realism A school of philosophy according to which the subjective experience of consciousness is real and is generated by the physical and mental organism that experiences consciousness.

10. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Bicameral Mind A descriptor of the human mind, bicameral refers to the fact that the mind is dependent upon the right and left hemispheres of the brain, which do things in different ways and may not be fully integrated, even in the recent past. In the early bicameral mind, according to Julian Jaynes, before about 300 BCE, people did not realize that one part of the brain (speech production) can talk internally to the other (speech reception). As such, this internal speech was misinterpreted as coming from sources outside the individual, such as gods and apparitions.

11. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Will That part of the mind that exerts conscious, intentional, control over thoughts and actions.

12. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Free Will The idea that people can exercise self- control in a fashion at least partly independent from any causal influences, and stemming from their own independent judgment.

13. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Determinism The belief that all action in the universe, including human action, has already been set in motion at the beginning of time, with each event caused by the events that have come before, and, as consequence, that all human behavior is preordained.

14. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Experimental Confederate (or Confederate) A research assistant who impersonates a research participant in front of other research participants, while actually following predetermined instructions of the experimenter.

15. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Agencies Central parts of the mind distinguished by the fact that they are self-regulating, partly autonomous, and exert influences on the rest of personality.

16. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Semi-Autonomous Operating partly on their own; partly following their own rules independently of other influences.

17. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Dissociative Disorders A group of psychiatric disorders characterized by sudden alterations in identity and its history. Portions of identity may be lost or regained, or many identities may arise.

18. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) This is a contemporary psychiatric diagnosis for what used to be called Multiple Personality Disorder. In it, a person may alternate among two or more personalities (or identities) over time, with no true central personality.

19. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Alter A contraction of “alternate personality” – the personalities that appear in Dissociative Identity Disorder.

20. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Id An older psychodynamic concept referring to a collection of animal instincts, desires, and motives that operate in the mind.

21. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Unconscious That portion of the mind outside of a person’s awareness. Social-cognitive theory emphasizes that it is evolutionarily adaptive for many processes to be outside of awareness. Psychodynamic theory emphasizes that some motivational and emotional processes are painful and threatening, and are purposively avoided by consciousness.

22. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Conscious Awareness, reflective observing of the inner mind.

23. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Superego A portion of the mind that grows out of the ego and contains both an ideal self and the conscience.

24. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Qualia (sing. Quale) Elements, or an element, of consciousness – individual thoughts, feelings, and urges, or, images, tastes, and sounds.

25. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Intrinsic Motivation A type of motivation in which the process of carrying out an activity is rewarding to an individual in-and-of- itself, aside from any outside reward.

26. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Extrinsic Motivation A type of motivation in which a person’s activities are carried out in order to obtain an outside reward such as social recognition or money.

27. Part 2 – Parts of Personality Chapter 7 – The Conscious Self Amotivation The lack of any type of motivation to carry out activities or tasks.