1. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 1 A Presentation on Fuel Economy. Facts and Strategy. Crimond Enterprises

2. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 2 Vision Statement To Ensure the Company Retains a Position at the Forefront of New Innovations and Technology. To Liason with our Customers and Provide the Best Quality and Service Possible. Our Company Acknowledges that it is Totally Dependent on its Customers.

3. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 3 Goals and Objectives Assist Canadian fishermen to select vessel and gear specifications that offer a more economic operation both in the short and medium term Inform our Present and Future Customers About the Latest technology Available to the Industry. Advise on the Most Cost Effective Method in Reducing Fuel Consumption

4. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 4 Today’s Situation In 2003 fuel costs accounted for approximately 15% to 20% of vessel earnings in the trawling industry. In 2008 estimates on fuel costs show an increase to approximately 40% of overheads. Skippers and vessel operators are so concerned that they are interested in ways of reducing fuel consumption or consuming fuel more efficiently.

5. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 5 How Did We Get Here? Over the past 50 years the fishing industry has surmounted many obstacles. Many of these are unrelated to the normal set backs, such as inclement weather, poor fish prices, and scarce fish. New challenges consist of fleet reductions, quota management, and harassment by some environmental groups, to name a few. Overheads and expenses have increased with inflation over the years but no item has had such a dramatic increase than oil.

6. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 6 Available Options New strategies will have to be devised to counter this increase and opinion is universal in that fuel prices will continue to rise. There are several gear factors that merit change but the biggest drag factor is in the netting so any changes here will produce the largest and fastest results. Other secondary factors include trawl doors, warps, sweeps and bridles and ground-gear.

7. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 7 Energy Efficient Fishing Gear. Fuel for Thought Fuel consumption rates primarily depend on the Vessel Size, HP, and Mode of Fishing. In secondary place is size and species being harvested. A dragger or trawler (Mobile Gear) uses 3 or 4 times as much fuel as a longliner or gillnetter (Fixed Gear) to land a kilo of fish.

8. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 8 Breakdown of fuel consumed per HP sea day is as follows:  Shrimp Trawler 850 litres/tonne.  Groundfish Trawler 347 litres/tonne.  Scottish Seiner 230 litres/tonne.  Gillnetter 86 litres/tonne. Longliner 69 litres/tonne, 2.56 litres consumed per horsepower/sea day.

9. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 9 Bottom Trawl Drag Estimates.

10. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 10 Recommendations/Possibilities #1 Replacing the trawl or sections of it by Dyneema/Spectra can reduce drag up to 40%. Based on information on the vessel’s existing trawl, Crimond can perform a rough statistical analysis and indicate a general reduction in TWSA by going this route. Changing to Bison trawl doors which are amongst the most fuel efficient trawl doors in the industry.

11. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 11 Recommendations/Possibilities #2 Change Net Design (Demersal) If Practical, Change Fishing Methods. Reduce Trawl Twine Surface area. Install Large mesh in some sections. Reduce or remove the Square. Install Knotless netting. Fuel Efficient Trawl Doors

12. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 12 Net Design (Pelagic) Fuel Efficient Trawl Doors Hexagonal Meshes. Right and Left hand lay ropes. Self spreading ropes Stealth rope. T90 Meshes. Floatrope instead of floats. Kites

13. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 13 Groundgear. Reduce the weight of the footrope. Reduction from 31” x 24” & 21” Rockhoppers to 9” Rockhoppers reduces the weight of the footrope by a third. Use of rollers or brushes (Faroes) Norwegian Plate gear. Raised footrope trawls. Electric stimulation Outrigger project in Belgium converting beamers to trawling (Reduced fuel consumption by 70%)

14. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 14 Bridles & Warps. Note* These two components produce a combined drag of 11-12%. Change from Wire or Combination to Dyneema/Spectra ropes. Dyneema/Spectra rope warps using pre- stretched braided rope (20mm diameter –56 tonne breaking strength). (16mm x 6 x 26 wire has a breaking strength of 14 tonnes. Reduce diameter of warps.

15. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 15 Trawl Doors. Upkeep of doors can lead to modest savings in fuel consumption. Typically around 8% Significant savings can be made by reducing the angle ofattack (to around 35º) Bison Doors operate at this angle of attack. Typically a 72% reduction in drag will give you a 4% reduction in fuel consumption. Angle can be reduced below 35º but this will cause the doors to become instable. Reduce bottom contact (rig doors to fish light on the bottom).

16. 1/5/2016Crimond Enterprises Ltd 16 Caution: Some recommendations will have a detrimental effect on fishing performance if they are excessive and should be applied in stages. Crimond suggests the most sure and safe initial solution is the use of Dyneema in the construction of the trawl. The effect of this change will exceed the combined totals of all the other possibilities. Next priority is changing to Bison trawl doors this change will show a marked fuel reduction.