1. Cell Theory & Organelles

2. Technology Theories are built upon previous knowledge, use increasingly more sophisticated technology and rely on the skills of many scientists.

3. Hooke’s microscope Cork

5. Electron Microscope

7. Many Scientists Theories are built upon previous knowledge, use increasingly more sophisticated technology and rely on the skills of many scientists.

8. 1674 - Leeuwenhoek. He made better lenses – observed cells in greater detail. 1838 – Schleiden – the first to note that plants are made of cells. 1839 – Schwann concluded that all living things are made of cells. 1855 – Virchow proposed that all cells come from other cells.

9. Mario Capecchi – Nobel Prize Winner – what do you think he is like? http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medi cine/laureates/2007/capecchi.html

10. The Cell Theory 1.All living things are composed of cells. 2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3.New cells are produced from existing cells. Schleiden Schwann Virchow7-1

11. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Nucleus – large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic information (DNA). Brain of cell. Prokaryotes – cells that do not contain nuclei. (Bacteria) Eukaryotes – cells that contain nuclei. (All other organisms) 7-1 www.nerdscience.com

12. Organelles – miniature Organs!! Page 8 ipad book

13. Eukaryotic Cell Structure Organelles – structures in a cell that act like “little organs.” Cytoplasm – the jelly-like fluid where the organelles “float.” 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

14. Cytoskeleton 7-2 www.nerdscience.com Micofilaments and Micotubles offer support; structure; and help contract and relax.

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic reticulum – Lipids (cell membrane), proteins, and other products are made here. – Rough ER – has ribosomes – Smooth ER – no ribosomes 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER Smooth ER 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

17. Ribosomes Ribosomes – made of RNA and protein. Make Proteins! 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

18. Ribosomes Ribosome 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

19. Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus – modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. 7-2

20. Golgi Apparatus 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

21. Mitochondria Mitochondria – organelle that converts chemical energy C 6 H 12 O 6 stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use… ATP – “Powerhouse of the Cell!” 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

22. Endosymbiotic Theory https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ESXvLHc eDc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ESXvLHc eDc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcX2n1r C4W4

23. There aren’t free living bacterial mitochondria anymore. The first eukaryotic cell evolved about a million years ago. Since then, bacterial mitochondria all depend on their hosts. Plants AND Animals have mitochondria

24. Mitochondria 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

25. Vacuoles Vacuoles – store materials. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

26. Vacuoles 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

27. Lysosomes Lysosomes – small organelles filled with enzymes. – Digest molecules to be used by the cell. 7-2

28. Fetus at 7 weeks Fetus at 15 weeks

29. What’s the difference between a plant and animal cell? Think about what you saw in the lab last time! – Rigid wall… stronger than your cheek cells! – All attached… row upon row (glucose packed tightly together to make cellulose)

30. Two Terms: Hetero = different Auto = self (automatic) Trophic = nutrition or feeding Autotroph – makes its own food Heterotroph – gets its nutrition from other places.

31. Chloroplasts Chloroplasts – organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy. (Photosynthesis) – Found only in plants. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

32. Chloroplasts & Mitochondria make ATP

33. Chloroplasts Chloroplast 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

34. Cell Boundaries Cell membrane – thin, flexible membrane that surrounds the cell. Cell walls – rigid layer around the membrane found only in bacteria, fungi and plants. 7-3 www.nerdscience.com